Horiguchi Toshihiro, Kodama Keita
Ecosystem Impact Research Section, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
Toxics. 2022 Apr 24;10(5):214. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050214.
We discuss possible causal factors for the decline in intertidal invertebrate populations around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami and nuclear disaster on the basis of existing knowledge about the effects of radionuclides and ionizing radiation on aquatic organisms. We found a gap between effects observed in the laboratory and those observed in natural aquatic environments, and discuss possible reasons why. Considering the complexity of the environment, we conclude that it is critical to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation combined with other biotic and abiotic environmental factors, together with the life-history traits of the species examined, for realistic assessment of population-level effects. Finally, we present possible causal factors for strange or abnormal phenomena observed in intertidal biota near FDNPP, namely declines in population densities and number of species of invertebrates, delayed recovery from these declines, and continuous sexual maturation in the rock shell population.
我们根据关于放射性核素和电离辐射对水生生物影响的现有知识，讨论了2011年东日本大地震及随后的海啸和核灾难后，福岛第一核电站（FDNPP）周围潮间带无脊椎动物种群数量下降的可能因果因素。我们发现实验室观察到的影响与自然水生环境中观察到的影响之间存在差距，并讨论了其中可能的原因。考虑到环境的复杂性，我们得出结论，为了对种群水平的影响进行实际评估，结合其他生物和非生物环境因素以及所研究物种的生活史特征来评估电离辐射的影响至关重要。最后，我们提出了在FDNPP附近潮间带生物群中观察到的奇怪或异常现象的可能因果因素，即无脊椎动物的种群密度和物种数量下降、从这些下降中恢复延迟以及岩螺种群的持续性成熟。
