Demin D B, Poskotinova L V, Krivonogova E V
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2014(9-10):5-9. doi: 10.15690/vramn.v69i9-10.1124.
Northern European areas are differing in degree of extreme climatic conditions in the Polar and Subpolar latitudes. Formation of the nervous system in adolescents most of all is affected by these adverse climatic factors.
The aim was to study of the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity and brain bioelectric activity in adolescents-inhabitants of the North depending on these autonomic nervous tones.
300 adolescents (male and female) aged 15-16 years living in the Polar (67°40' N) and Subpolar (64°30' N) northern regions of Russia are examined. Assessment of autonomic nervous tone was determined by the heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure parameters. After the initial analysis of these indicators, all subjects in both areas were further divided into groups with vagotonic, normotonic and sympathotonic types. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the state of quiet wakefulness with closed eyes (16 standard monopolar leads). EEG characteristic were performed on the values of the amplitude and the index in each frequency band. All described changes were statistically significant atp < 0.05-0.001.
According HRV and central hemodynamics among adolescents of the Polar North revealed an increase the proportion of individuals with a predominance ofsympathetic influences on cardiac activity (37.3%) and significant decrease the proportion ofpersons with a predominance of vagal influences (10%). A high activity of diencephalic subcortical brain structures in groups of normotonic and sympathotinic persons in the Polar region was revealed, which manifests itself in the form of increased levels of theta and alpha EEG-activity, as well as increased occurrence hypersynchronous EEG-types (50%). In adolescents-inhabitants of the Subpolar region occurs more intensive age optimization of neural processes then in adolescents- inhabitants of the Polar region.
The predominance of sympathetic effects on the cardiac activity and higher activity of diencephalic subcortical brain structures in adolescents of the Polar region were revealed.
北欧地区在极地和亚极地纬度的极端气候条件程度有所不同。青少年神经系统的形成受这些不利气候因素影响最大。
旨在研究北极地区青少年心脏活动的自主调节和脑生物电活动，这取决于这些自主神经张力。
对居住在俄罗斯北极地区极地（北纬67°40′）和亚极地（北纬64°30′）的300名15 - 16岁青少年（男性和女性）进行检查。通过心率变异性（HRV）和血压参数来确定自主神经张力评估。在对这些指标进行初步分析后，两个地区的所有受试者进一步分为迷走神经优势型、正常张力型和交感神经优势型组。在安静清醒闭眼状态下记录脑电图（EEG）（16个标准单极导联）。根据每个频段的振幅值和指数进行脑电图特征分析。所有所述变化在p < 0.05 - 0.001时具有统计学意义。
根据HRV和中心血流动力学，北极极地青少年中以交感神经对心脏活动占主导的个体比例增加（37.3%），而以迷走神经影响占主导的个体比例显著下降（10%）。在极地地区正常张力型和交感神经优势型组中，间脑皮质下脑结构活动较高，表现为θ波和α波EEG活动水平增加，以及超同步EEG类型出现频率增加（50%）。与极地地区青少年相比，亚极地地区青少年的神经过程年龄优化更为强烈。
揭示了极地地区青少年交感神经对心脏活动的主导作用以及间脑皮质下脑结构的较高活动。
