Mata Rui, von Helversen Bettina
Department of Psychology, University of Basel.
Top Cogn Sci. 2015 Jul;7(3):416-27. doi: 10.1111/tops.12139. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
Search is a prerequisite for successful performance in a broad range of tasks ranging from making decisions between consumer goods to memory retrieval. How does aging impact search processes in such disparate situations? Aging is associated with structural and neuromodulatory brain changes that underlie cognitive control processes, which in turn have been proposed as a domain-general mechanism controlling search in external environments as well as memory. We review the aging literature to evaluate the cognitive control hypothesis that suggests that age-related change in cognitive control underlies age differences in both external and internal search. We also consider the limits of the cognitive control hypothesis and propose additional mechanisms such as changes in strategy use and affect that may be necessary to understand how aging affects search.
搜索是成功完成从消费品决策到记忆检索等广泛任务的前提条件。衰老如何影响这些截然不同情况下的搜索过程呢？衰老与认知控制过程所依赖的大脑结构和神经调节变化相关，而认知控制过程又被认为是控制外部环境搜索以及记忆的一种通用机制。我们回顾了衰老相关文献，以评估认知控制假说，该假说认为认知控制方面与年龄相关的变化是外部和内部搜索中年龄差异的基础。我们还考虑了认知控制假说的局限性，并提出了其他机制，如策略使用和情感方面的变化，这些可能是理解衰老如何影响搜索所必需的。
