Gene Therapy Laboratory, Liver Unit, School of Medicine, Austral University, Av. Presidente Perón, B1629ODT, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2015 Aug;11(4):586-97. doi: 10.1007/s12015-015-9585-9.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are progenitors which share plastic-adherence capacity and cell surface markers but have different properties according to their cell and tissue sources and to culture conditions applied. Many recent publications suggest that MSCs can differentiate into hepatic-like cells, which can be a consequence of either a positive selection of rare in vivo pluripotent cells or of the original plasticity of some cells contributing to MSC cultures. A possible role of MSCs in hereditary transmission of obesity and/or diabetes as well as properties of MSCs regarding immunomodulation, cell fusion and exosome release capacities are discussed according to recent literature. Limitations in methods used to track MSCs in vivo especially in the context of liver cirrhosis are addressed as well as strategies explored to enhance their migratory, survival and proliferation properties, which are known to be relevant for their future clinical use. Current knowledge regarding mechanisms involved in liver cirrhosis amelioration mediated by naïve and genetically modified MSCs as well as the effects of applying preconditioning and combined strategies to improve their therapeutic effects are evaluated. Finally, first reports of GMP guidelines and biosafety issues in MSCs applications are discussed.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是具有多向分化潜能的干细胞，其具有自我更新和多向分化的能力，根据其来源和培养条件的不同，其特性也有所不同。最近的许多研究表明，MSCs 可以分化为肝样细胞，这可能是由于体内稀有多能细胞的阳性选择，也可能是由于一些参与 MSC 培养的细胞的原始可塑性所致。根据最近的文献，探讨了 MSCs 在肥胖和/或糖尿病的遗传传递中的可能作用以及 MSCs 关于免疫调节、细胞融合和外泌体释放能力的特性。还讨论了在体内追踪 MSCs 时所使用的方法的局限性，特别是在肝硬化的情况下，以及探索增强其迁移、存活和增殖特性的策略，这些策略与它们的未来临床应用有关。评估了 MSC 介导的肝硬化改善相关的机制、未经修饰和基因修饰的 MSC 的效果以及预处理和联合策略的应用对提高治疗效果的影响。最后，讨论了 MSCs 应用的 GMP 指南和生物安全性问题的初步报告。
