Gafarov V V, Gromova E A, Gagulin I V, Gafarova A V, Panov D O
Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Ter Arkh. 2015;87(1):14-26. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587114-26.
To establish gender differences in health attitudes and awareness of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in an open 25-64-year-old population of Russia/Siberia.
A representative sample from the population of a Novosibirsk district was examined using the 1988 WHO MONICA-MOPSY (847 women and 739 men aged 25-64 years) and the 2003 HAPIEE (1074 women and 576 men aged 45-64 years) programs. The health awareness and attitudes questionnaire was used.
The number of persons who considered perfectly healthy was minimal (2%) in the open Siberian population aged 25-64 years. The view of health in the women proved to be more pessimistic than that in the men. The fact that two thirds of the population could fall ill with a serious disease in the coming 5-10 years was accepted. Mainly the men took the view that modern medicine might prevent heart disease. The men were regularly examined 2 to 3 times more often than the women. The latter versus the men were less frequently inclined to stop work if they felt not quite well on-site, with the difference being more marked in old age groups. The majority of the study participants considered preventive examination to be useful for health. At the same time only a small portion of the population itself undergoes examination.
The changed socioeconomic situation in the country leads to the need to alter the established stereotypes of conscience and behavior of the population in health and to realize the need for personal responsibility for health.
在俄罗斯/西伯利亚25至64岁的开放人群中确定心血管疾病健康态度和危险因素认知方面的性别差异。
使用1988年世界卫生组织MONICA - MOPSY项目（847名25至64岁女性和739名男性）以及2003年HAPIEE项目（1074名45至64岁女性和576名男性）对新西伯利亚地区的代表性人群样本进行检查。采用健康认知与态度调查问卷。
在25至64岁的开放西伯利亚人群中，认为自己完全健康的人数极少（2%）。女性对健康的看法比男性更为悲观。三分之二的人群认为在未来5至10年内可能患上严重疾病这一观点被接受。主要是男性认为现代医学可以预防心脏病。男性定期体检的频率比女性高2至3倍。如果在工作现场感觉不太舒服，女性比男性更不倾向于停止工作，这种差异在老年群体中更为明显。大多数研究参与者认为预防性检查对健康有益。与此同时，只有一小部分人群自己会进行体检。
该国社会经济状况的变化导致需要改变人们在健康方面既定的观念和行为模式，并认识到个人对健康负有责任的必要性。
