Golshan Mahdi, Hatef Azadeh, Socha Magdalena, Milla Sylvain, Butts Ian A E, Carnevali Oliana, Rodina Marek, Sokołowska-Mikołajczyk Mirosława, Fontaine Pascal, Linhart Otomar, Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi
Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Department, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Aquat Toxicol. 2015 Jun;163:16-26. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.017. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) interferes with male reproductive endocrine system in mammals, however its effects on fish reproduction are largely unknown. We evaluated sperm quality and investigated reproductive endocrine system in mature goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to nominal 1, 10, and 100μg/L DEHP. To examine DEHP estrogenic activity, one group of goldfish was exposed to 17β-estradiol (5μg/L E2) for comparison. Following 30d of exposure, sperm production was decreased and suppressed in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish, respectively. Sperm motility and velocity were decreased in goldfish exposed to 100 and 10μg/L DEHP at 15s post-sperm activation, respectively. Compared to control, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were decreased at 10 and 1μg/L DEHP at day 15 and 30, respectively. In E2 treated goldfish, 11-KT levels were decreased compared to control during the period of exposure. E2 levels were increased in goldfish exposed to E2, but remained unchanged in DEHP treated goldfish during the period of exposure. StAR mRNA levels encoding regulator of cholesterol transfer to steroidogenesis were decreased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish following 15 and 30d of exposure, respectively. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were decreased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish following 15 and 30d of exposure, respectively. In DEHP treated goldfish, gnrh3, kiss1 and its receptor (gpr54) mRNA levels did not change during the experimental period. In E2 treated goldfish, gnrh3 mRNA levels were decreased at day 7, but kiss1 and gpr54 mRNA levels were increased at day 30 of exposure. The mRNA levels of genes encoding testicular LH and androgen receptors remained unchanged in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish. In contrast to E2 treated goldfish, vitellogenin production was not induced in DEHP treated goldfish and mRNA levels of genes with products mediating estrogenic effects remained unchanged or decreased. In conclusion, DEHP interferes with testis and pituitary hormonal functions to reduce sperm quality in goldfish and does not exhibit estrogenic activity.
邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）会干扰哺乳动物的雄性生殖内分泌系统，然而其对鱼类繁殖的影响却 largely unknown。我们评估了暴露于名义浓度为1、10和100μg/L DEHP的成熟金鱼（Carassius auratus）的精子质量，并研究了其生殖内分泌系统。为了检测DEHP的雌激素活性，将一组金鱼暴露于17β-雌二醇（5μg/L E2）以作比较。暴露30天后，DEHP和E2处理的金鱼的精子产生分别减少和受到抑制。在精子激活后15秒时，暴露于100和10μg/L DEHP的金鱼的精子活力和速度分别降低。与对照组相比，在第15天和第30天时，10和1μg/L DEHP处理组的11-酮睾酮（11-KT）水平分别降低。在E2处理的金鱼中，暴露期间与对照组相比11-KT水平降低。暴露于E2的金鱼中E2水平升高，但在DEHP处理的金鱼暴露期间保持不变。分别在暴露15天和30天后，DEHP和E2处理的金鱼中编码胆固醇向类固醇生成转移调节因子的StAR mRNA水平降低。在暴露15天和30天后，DEHP和E2处理的金鱼中的促黄体生成素（LH）水平分别降低。在DEHP处理的金鱼中，gnrh3、kiss1及其受体（gpr54）mRNA水平在实验期间没有变化。在E2处理的金鱼中，暴露第7天时gnrh3 mRNA水平降低，但暴露第30天时kiss1和gpr54 mRNA水平升高。在DEHP和E2处理的金鱼中，编码睾丸LH和雄激素受体的基因的mRNA水平保持不变。与E2处理的金鱼相反, DEHP处理组未诱导卵黄蛋白原产生, 且介导雌激素效应产物的基因的mRNA水平保持不变或降低, 总之, DEHP干扰睾丸和垂体的激素功能, 降低金鱼精子质量, 且不表现出雌激素活性。
