Sahlin K Barbara, Lexell Jan
Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Box 157, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
PM R. 2015 Oct;7(10):1081-1088. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.019. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
Physical activity and exercise is the mainstay of chronic disease prevention and health maintenance for all people with and without a disability, and clear evidence exists of the benefits among various populations with neurologic disabilities. However, the potential benefits of organized sports for people with neurologic disabilities are not as well explored. In this narrative review, current evidence regarding the impact of organized sports on activity, participation, and quality of life in people with neurologic disabilities of all ages is summarized, and facilitators of and barriers to participation in sports for this population are discussed. The articles reviewed were divided into 2 sets: (1) children and adolescents and (2) adults. The subjects of almost all of the studies were persons with a spinal cord injury. Children and adolescents with a disability who engaged in sports reported self-concept scores close to those of able-bodied athletes, as well as higher levels of physical activity. Adults with a spinal cord injury who engaged in organized sports reported decreased depression and anxiety, increased life satisfaction, and increased opportunity for gainful employment compared with nonathletic persons with disabilities. General facilitators, regardless of age, were fitness, fun, health, competence, and social aspects, whereas overall barriers were lack of or inappropriate medical advice and facilities, decreased self-esteem, poor finances, dependency on others, and views held by others. The importance of this topic for further research is highlighted, and suggestions for future studies are proposed.
体育活动和锻炼是所有有或没有残疾的人预防慢性病和维持健康的主要手段，并且有明确证据表明其对各类神经残疾人群有益。然而，有组织的体育运动对神经残疾人士的潜在益处尚未得到充分探索。在这篇叙述性综述中，总结了关于有组织的体育运动对各年龄段神经残疾人士的活动、参与度和生活质量影响的现有证据，并讨论了该人群参与体育运动的促进因素和障碍。所审查的文章分为两组：（1）儿童和青少年，（2）成年人。几乎所有研究的对象都是脊髓损伤患者。参与体育运动的残疾儿童和青少年报告的自我概念得分与健全运动员相近，且身体活动水平更高。与不参加体育运动的残疾成年人相比，参加有组织体育运动的脊髓损伤成年患者报告称抑郁和焦虑有所减轻，生活满意度提高，获得有报酬工作的机会增加。无论年龄大小，一般的促进因素包括健康、乐趣、健康状况、能力和社交方面，而总体障碍包括缺乏或不适当的医疗建议和设施、自尊下降、经济状况不佳、依赖他人以及他人的看法。强调了该主题对于进一步研究的重要性，并提出了未来研究的建议。
