Sanchez-Vives M V, Mattia M
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. Email:
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Arch Ital Biol. 2014 Jun-Sep;152(2-3):147-55. doi: 10.12871/000298292014239.
The function of sleep remained one of largest enigmas of neuroscience for most of the 20th century. However in recent years different evidence has accumulated in support of a critical role of sleep on functions such as replay and memory consolidation. In particular slow wave sleep, and its underlying corticothalamocortical activity, slow oscillations, could be critical not only for memory but also for the maintenance of the brain's structural and func- tional connectivity. In this article we ask: why slow oscillations? To answer this question we put forward the idea that slow oscillations are the default activity of the cortical network based on both experimental and theoretical evidence. We go on to discuss why slow oscillations emerge from the cortical circuits and what are the dynamic advantages of this activity pattern, such as the resilience to perturbances and the facilitation of transitions between a disconnected (e.g. deep sleep) brain and a connected, awake brain.
在20世纪的大部分时间里，睡眠的功能一直是神经科学中最大的谜团之一。然而，近年来，不同的证据不断积累，支持睡眠在诸如重演和记忆巩固等功能中发挥关键作用。特别是慢波睡眠及其潜在的皮质-丘脑-皮质活动，即慢振荡，不仅对记忆至关重要，而且对维持大脑的结构和功能连接也至关重要。在本文中，我们提出疑问：为什么是慢振荡？为了回答这个问题，我们基于实验和理论证据提出这样的观点，即慢振荡是皮质网络的默认活动。我们接着讨论慢振荡为何会从皮质回路中出现，以及这种活动模式有哪些动态优势，比如对干扰的恢复能力以及促进大脑从断开连接状态（如深度睡眠）向连接的清醒状态转变。
