Castellanos-Arévalo Diana C, Castellanos-Arévalo Andrea P, Camarena-Pozos David A, Colli-Mull Juan G, Maldonado-Vega María
Departamento de Investigación en Ambiental, Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC, AC), León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Departamento de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato (ITESI), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Saf Health Work. 2015 Mar;6(1):62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.09.003. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
Animal skin provides an ideal medium for the propagation of microorganisms and it is used like raw material in the tannery and footware industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the microbial load in oropharyngeal mucosa of tannery employees.
The health risk was estimated based on the identification of microorganisms found in the oropharyngeal mucosa samples. The study was conducted in a tanners group and a control group. Samples were taken from oropharyngeal mucosa and inoculated on plates with selective medium. In the samples, bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and the yeasts through a presumptive method. In addition, the sensitivity of these microorganisms to antibiotics/antifungals was evaluated.
The identified bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Neisseriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, of which some species are considered as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms; these bacteria were not present in the control group. Forty-two percent of bacteria identified in the tanners group are correlated with respiratory diseases. Yeasts were also identified, including the following species: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Regarding the sensitivity test of bacteria identified in the tanners group, 90% showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, 87% showed sensitivity to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, 74% showed sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam, and 58% showed sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
Several of the bacteria and yeast identified in the oropharyngeal mucosa of tanners have been correlated with infections in humans and have already been reported as airborne microorganisms in this working environment, representing a health risk for workers.
动物皮为微生物繁殖提供了理想的介质，并且在制革和制鞋业中用作原材料。本研究的目的是评估和鉴定制革厂员工口咽黏膜中的微生物载量。
基于对口咽黏膜样本中发现的微生物的鉴定来估计健康风险。该研究在一组制革工人和一个对照组中进行。从口咽黏膜采集样本并接种在含有选择性培养基的平板上。在样本中，通过16S核糖体DNA分析鉴定细菌，并通过推测方法鉴定酵母。此外，评估了这些微生物对抗生素/抗真菌药的敏感性。
鉴定出的细菌属于肠杆菌科、假单胞菌科、奈瑟菌科、产碱菌科、莫拉菌科和黄单胞菌科，其中一些物种被认为是致病或机会性微生物；对照组中不存在这些细菌。在制革工人组中鉴定出的细菌中有42%与呼吸道疾病相关。还鉴定出了酵母，包括以下物种：光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、白色念珠菌和克柔念珠菌。关于在制革工人组中鉴定出的细菌的敏感性测试，90%对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感，87%对替卡西林/克拉维酸敏感，74%对氨苄西林/舒巴坦敏感，58%对阿莫西林/克拉维酸敏感。
在制革工人的口咽黏膜中鉴定出的几种细菌和酵母与人类感染相关，并且已经在该工作环境中被报道为空气传播微生物，对工人构成健康风险。
