“肯定在这一页”：在线健康信息搜索研究中的年龄与认知风格
"It's got to be on this page": age and cognitive style in a study of online health information seeking.
作者信息
Agree Emily M, King Abby C, Castro Cynthia M, Wiley Adrienne, Borzekowski Dina L G
机构信息
Johns Hopkins University, Departments of Sociology and Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
出版信息
J Med Internet Res. 2015 Mar 24;17(3):e79. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3352.
BACKGROUND
The extensive availability of online health information offers the public opportunities to become independently informed about their care, but what affects the successful retrieval and understanding of accurate and detailed information? We have limited knowledge about the ways individuals use the Internet and the personal characteristics that affect online health literacy.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the extent to which age and cognitive style predicted success in searching for online health information, controlling for differences in education, daily Internet use, and general health literacy.
METHODS
The Online Health Study (OHS) was conducted at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Stanford University School of Medicine from April 2009 to June 2010. The OHS was designed to explore the factors associated with success in obtaining health information across different age groups. A total of 346 men and women aged 35 years and older of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. Participants were evaluated for success in searching online for answers to health-related tasks/questions on nutrition, cancer, alternative medicine, vaccinations, medical equipment, and genetic testing.
RESULTS
Cognitive style, in terms of context sensitivity, was associated with less success in obtaining online health information, with tasks involving visual judgment most affected. In addition, better health literacy was positively associated with overall success in online health seeking, specifically for tasks requiring prior health knowledge. The oldest searchers were disadvantaged even after controlling for education, Internet use, general health literacy, and cognitive style, especially when spatial tasks such as mapping were involved.
CONCLUSIONS
The increasing availability of online health information provides opportunities to improve patient education and knowledge, but effective use of these resources depends on online health literacy. Greater support for those who are in the oldest cohorts and for design of interfaces that support users with different cognitive styles may be required in an age of shared medical decision making.
背景
在线健康信息的广泛可得性为公众提供了自主了解自身医疗护理情况的机会，但哪些因素会影响准确、详细信息的成功检索与理解呢？我们对个人使用互联网的方式以及影响在线健康素养的个人特征了解有限。
目的
本研究考察了年龄和认知风格在控制教育程度、日常互联网使用情况及一般健康素养差异的条件下，对在线健康信息搜索成功程度的预测作用。
方法
2009年4月至2010年6月在约翰霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院和斯坦福大学医学院开展了在线健康研究（OHS）。OHS旨在探究不同年龄组中与成功获取健康信息相关的因素。共有346名年龄在35岁及以上、种族和民族背景各异的男性和女性参与了该研究。参与者接受评估，以确定其在网上搜索有关营养、癌症、替代医学、疫苗接种、医疗设备和基因检测等健康相关任务/问题答案的成功程度。
结果
就情境敏感性而言，认知风格与获取在线健康信息的成功率较低相关，其中涉及视觉判断的任务受影响最大。此外，更好的健康素养与在线健康搜索的总体成功率呈正相关，特别是对于需要先前健康知识的任务。即使在控制了教育程度、互联网使用情况、一般健康素养和认知风格之后，年龄最大的搜索者仍处于劣势，尤其是在涉及诸如绘图等空间任务时。
结论
在线健康信息的日益普及为改善患者教育和知识提供了机会，但这些资源的有效利用取决于在线健康素养。在共同进行医疗决策的时代，可能需要为年龄最大的人群提供更多支持，并设计能够支持不同认知风格用户的界面。
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