Schilling Rebecca, Casper Stephen T
West Viriginia School of Osteopathic MedicineE-mail:
Clarkson UniversityE-mail:
Sci Context. 2015 Mar;28(1):77-98. doi: 10.1017/S0269889714000337.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, in the 1930s and 1940s. It became a highly successful and highly controversial psychometric tool. In professional terms, psychometric tools such as the MMPI transformed psychology and psychiatry. Psychometric instruments thus readily fit into the developmental history of psychology, psychiatry, and neurology; they were a significant part of the narrative of those fields' advances in understanding, intervening, and treating people with mental illnesses. At the same time, the advent of such tools also fits into a history of those disciplines that records the rise of obsessional observational and evaluative techniques and technologies in order to facilitate patterns of social control that became typical during the Progressive Era in the United States and after. It was those patterns that also nurtured the resistance to psychometrics that emerged during the Vietnam War and after.
明尼苏达多相人格问卷（MMPI）于20世纪30年代和40年代在明尼阿波利斯的明尼苏达大学开发。它成为了一种非常成功但也极具争议的心理测量工具。从专业角度来看，像MMPI这样的心理测量工具改变了心理学和精神病学。因此，心理测量工具很自然地融入了心理学、精神病学和神经病学的发展历程；它们是这些领域在理解、干预和治疗精神疾病患者方面取得进展的重要组成部分。与此同时，这类工具的出现也符合这些学科的历史，这段历史记录了为促进在美国进步时代及之后变得典型的社会控制模式而兴起的偏执观察和评估技术及手段。正是这些模式也催生了越战期间及之后出现的对心理测量学的抵制。
