Logie Carmen H, Daniel CarolAnn
a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
b Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.
Glob Public Health. 2016;11(1-2):122-34. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1027249. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
The 2010 earthquake resulted in the breakdown of Haiti's social, economic and health infrastructure. Over one-quarter of a million people remain internally displaced (ID). ID women experience heightened vulnerability to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to increased poverty and reduced community networks. Scant research has examined experiences of IPV among ID women in post-earthquake Haiti. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the impact of participating in Famn an Aksyon Pou Santé Yo (FASY), a small-group HIV prevention intervention, on ID women's agency in Leogane, Haiti. We conducted four focus groups with ID women, FASY participants (n = 40) and in-depth individual interviews with peer health workers (n = 7). Our study was guided by critical ethnography and paid particular attention to power relations. Findings highlighted multiple forms of IPV (e.g., physical, sexual). Participants discussed processes of intrapersonal (confidence), interpersonal (communication), relational (support) and collective (women's rights) agency. Yet structural factors, including patriarchal gender norms and poverty, silenced IPV discussions and constrained women's agency. Findings suggest that agency among ID women is a multi-level, non-linear and incremental process. To effectively address IPV among ID women in Haiti, interventions should address structural contexts of gender inequity and poverty and concurrently facilitate multi-level processes of agency.
2010年的地震导致海地的社会、经济和卫生基础设施崩溃。超过25万人仍然在国内流离失所。由于贫困加剧和社区网络减少，流离失所的妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的风险更高。在地震后的海地，很少有研究考察过流离失所妇女遭受IPV的经历。我们开展了一项定性研究，以探讨参与“家庭健康行动”（Famn an Aksyon Pou Santé Yo，FASY）（一种小组HIV预防干预措施）对海地莱奥甘的流离失所妇女的能动性的影响。我们与流离失所妇女、FASY参与者（n = 40）进行了四次焦点小组讨论，并与同伴卫生工作者进行了深入的个人访谈（n = 7）。我们的研究以批判民族志为指导，特别关注权力关系。研究结果突出了多种形式的IPV（例如身体暴力、性暴力）。参与者讨论了个人层面（自信）、人际层面（沟通）、关系层面（支持）和集体层面（妇女权利）的能动性过程。然而，包括父权制性别规范和贫困在内的结构性因素使IPV讨论噤声，并限制了妇女的能动性。研究结果表明，流离失所妇女的能动性是一个多层次、非线性且渐进的过程。为有效解决海地流离失所妇女中的IPV问题，干预措施应解决性别不平等和贫困的结构性背景问题，并同时促进多层次的能动性过程。
