Khojastepour Leila, Mirbeigi Sanam, Mirhadi Sabah, Safaee Ateieh
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran;
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Iran Endod J. 2015;10(2):117-21. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomic landmark in dentistry and knowledge about its variable locations (L) and type of emergence (TE), has an effect on the sufficiency of local anesthesia and safety of surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the L and TE of this radiographic landmark as well as the presence of accessory MF, by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
In this cross sectional study, a total of 156 CBCT images were retrieved from the archive of a private radiology clinic and were then evaluated for the position of MF and its TE and the existence of accessory foramina in the body of mandible. The extracted information was compared in both genders, in both sides of mandible and among three different age groups (20-29, 30-44 and 45-59 years). The Pearson chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Second premolar was the most common anterolateral L of MF; in general, 48.7% of right and 51.9% of left MFs were located at the apex of second premolar. Anterior and straight ET were more common in right and left side, respectively. Accessory MF was present in only 8 (5.1%) of cases.
The possible presence of accessory MF should not be overlooked for avoiding the occurrence of a neurosensory disturbance during surgery and implant insertion.
颏孔（MF）是牙科领域一个重要的解剖标志，了解其位置变化（L）和出孔类型（TE），对局部麻醉的充分性和手术操作的安全性有影响。本研究旨在通过锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）评估这一影像学标志的位置和出孔类型以及副颏孔的存在情况。
在这项横断面研究中，从一家私立放射诊所的存档中检索了总共156张CBCT图像，然后评估颏孔的位置、出孔类型以及下颌骨体内副孔的存在情况。提取的信息在男女两性、下颌骨两侧以及三个不同年龄组（20 - 29岁、30 - 44岁和45 - 59岁）之间进行比较。采用Pearson卡方检验和Fisher精确检验进行统计分析。显著性水平设定为0.05。
第二前磨牙是颏孔最常见的前外侧位置；一般来说，右侧48.7%的颏孔和左侧51.9%的颏孔位于第二前磨牙根尖处。右侧和左侧分别以前向和直线型出孔更为常见。仅8例（5.1%）存在副颏孔。
为避免手术和种植体植入过程中发生神经感觉障碍，不应忽视副颏孔可能存在的情况。
