Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2015 Jun;25:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.02.002. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Industrial bioprocess development is driven by profitability and eco-efficiency. It profits from an early stage definition of process and biocatalyst design objectives. Microbial bioprocess environments can be considered as synthetic technical microbial ecosystems. Natural systems follow Darwinian evolution principles aiming at survival and reproduction. Technical systems objectives are eco-efficiency, productivity, and profitable production. Deciphering technical microbial ecology reveals differences and similarities of natural and technical systems objectives, which are discussed in this review in view of biocatalyst and process design and engineering strategies. Strategies for handling opposing objectives of natural and technical systems and for exploiting and engineering natural properties of microorganisms for technical systems are reviewed based on examples. This illustrates the relevance of considering microbial ecology for bioprocess design and the potential for exploitation by synthetic biology strategies.
工业生物过程开发受盈利性和生态效率驱动。它从早期定义工艺和生物催化剂设计目标中受益。微生物生物过程环境可以被视为合成技术微生物生态系统。自然系统遵循达尔文进化原则，旨在生存和繁殖。技术系统的目标是生态效率、生产力和盈利生产。破译技术微生物生态学揭示了自然系统和技术系统目标的差异和相似之处，本综述从生物催化剂和工艺设计以及工程策略的角度讨论了这些目标。基于实例，综述了处理自然系统和技术系统对立目标的策略，以及利用和工程化微生物自然特性用于技术系统的策略。这说明了考虑微生物生态学进行生物过程设计的相关性，以及通过合成生物学策略进行开发的潜力。
