Anehus-Pancherz M, Pancherz H
Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1989 Oct;50(5):392-405. doi: 10.1007/BF02171174.
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of activator treatment on chewing efficiency. The subject material consisted of 60 children, adolescents and adults: Twelve children (ten years of age) with a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion were treated successfully with activators to a normal occlusion (16 years of age). Three normal occlusion samples, ten years (n = 12), 16 years (n = 12) and 29 years (n = 12) of age as well as an untreated Class II sample (n = 12), 16 years of age, served as control groups to the activator patients. The chewing ability was evaluated with the aid of a chewing efficiency test. The dental occlusion was appraised on dental casts. Recordings were made of number of erupted teeth, number of intermaxillary occlusal tooth contacts, overjet and overbite. The results revealed that chewing efficiency in activator patients was doubled from ten to 16 years of age. When comparing untreated subjects 16 years and ten years of age a greater chewing efficiency was seen in the older subjects. This was true for both Class II malocclusion and normal occlusion cases. Furthermore, in 16 year old subjects the chewing efficiency was comparable in treated and untreated normal occlusions as well as untreated Class II malocclusions. Thus, the investigation did not ascertain whether activator treatment per se resulted in an improved chewing efficiency. Furthermore, in the activator group no direct association existed between improvement in chewing efficiency and increased number of erupted teeth on one hand and increased number of intermaxillary occlusal tooth contacts, reduced overjet and overbite on the other. It is suggested that chewing efficiency is partly age related. The sagittal intermaxillary dental arch relationship doesn't seem to play an important role in determining chewing ability. However, harmonious interplay between the occluding teeth and the muscles influencing them (the muscles of mastication, the tongue-, lip- and cheek-musculature) is certainly of importance.
本研究的目的是分析激活器治疗对咀嚼效率的影响。研究对象包括60名儿童、青少年和成年人：12名患有安氏II类1分类错牙合的儿童（10岁）通过激活器成功治疗至正常牙合（16岁）。三个正常牙合样本，年龄分别为10岁（n = 12）、16岁（n = 12）和29岁（n = 12），以及一个未经治疗的16岁安氏II类样本（n = 12）作为激活器治疗患者的对照组。借助咀嚼效率测试评估咀嚼能力。在石膏模型上评估牙合情况。记录萌出牙的数量、上下颌间咬合牙齿接触的数量、覆盖和覆牙合情况。结果显示，激活器治疗患者的咀嚼效率在10岁至16岁期间提高了一倍。比较16岁和10岁未经治疗的受试者时，年龄较大的受试者咀嚼效率更高。安氏II类错牙合和正常牙合病例均如此。此外，在16岁的受试者中，经治疗和未经治疗的正常牙合以及未经治疗的安氏II类错牙合的咀嚼效率相当。因此，该研究未确定激活器治疗本身是否会提高咀嚼效率。此外，在激活器组中，一方面咀嚼效率的提高与萌出牙数量的增加之间，另一方面与上下颌间咬合牙齿接触数量的增加、覆盖和覆牙合的减少之间均无直接关联。提示咀嚼效率部分与年龄相关。矢状方向的上下颌牙弓关系在决定咀嚼能力方面似乎并不起重要作用。然而，咬合牙齿与影响它们的肌肉（咀嚼肌、舌肌、唇肌和颊肌）之间的协调相互作用肯定很重要。
