Bailly D, Rouchaud A, Garcia C, Roehrig C, Ferley J-P
Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, AP-HM, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13374 Marseille cedex 09, France; Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille université, 13284 Marseille, France.
Observatoire régional de la santé du Limousin, 4, avenue de la Révolution, 87000 Limoges, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2015 May;22(5):510-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.02.016. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
Among young adolescents, early use of alcohol has been shown to be related to later alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related problems in numerous epidemiologic studies. However, if drinking problems are now well documented in young people, few data are available on alcohol use in children and young adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions and attitudes with respect to alcohol use among young adolescents entering their first year of secondary school (mean age, 11.5 years). Data were collected from the ESPACE program, a preventive program conducted in the educational district of Limoges, France. Of the 2268 respondents with complete data, 73.4% (77.1% in males vs. 69.9% in females; P<0.001) reported having tasted alcohol drinks and 3.7% (4.9% in males vs. 2.6% in females; P=0.004) having experienced drunkenness at least once. Of these adolescents, 5.4% (8.5% in males vs. 2.4% in females, P<0.001) reported consuming alcohol at least once per month, which may be considered as a sort of regular drinking pattern. Taking age, sex, and level of alcohol consumption into account, experience of drunkenness (21.9% in regular users vs. 3.7% in occasional users), tobacco use (25.8% in regular users vs. 12.6% in occasional users and 1.5% in nonusers) and cannabis use (6.0% in regular users vs. 0.9% in occasional users and 0.2% in nonusers) were found to be significantly more frequent in regular alcohol users than in other students (P<0.001). Data analysis also showed that regular alcohol users felt significantly more frequently depressed, lacking self-assurance, dissatisfied with their physical appearance and their way of life, and they felt that they exhibited significantly more impairments in their interactions with parents, peers, and the school environment. Similarly, they were found to have significantly more frequently an inclination for risk behaviors and a significantly more positive view of drinking than other students. These results look almost like those reported in adolescents and young people, and show that the alcohol abuse pattern is drawn early in childhood. They also highlight the value of epidemiologic investigations for planning preventive interventions.
在许多流行病学研究中，已表明青少年早期饮酒与后期酒精使用障碍及酒精相关问题有关。然而，尽管现在青少年饮酒问题已有充分记录，但关于儿童和青少年饮酒情况的数据却很少。本研究的目的是调查刚进入中学一年级的青少年（平均年龄11.5岁）对饮酒的认知和态度。数据来自法国利摩日教育区开展的一项预防项目ESPACE计划。在2268名提供完整数据的受访者中，73.4%（男性为77.1%，女性为69.9%；P<0.001）报告曾品尝过酒精饮料，3.7%（男性为4.9%，女性为2.6%；P=0.004）报告至少有过一次醉酒经历。在这些青少年中，5.4%（男性为8.5%，女性为2.4%，P<0.001）报告每月至少饮酒一次，这可被视为一种规律饮酒模式。考虑到年龄、性别和饮酒量，经常饮酒者的醉酒经历（经常饮酒者为21.9%，偶尔饮酒者为3.7%）、吸烟情况（经常饮酒者为25.8%，偶尔饮酒者为12.6%，不饮酒者为1.5%）和大麻使用情况（经常饮酒者为6.0%，偶尔饮酒者为0.9%，不饮酒者为0.2%）明显比其他学生更频繁（P<0.001）。数据分析还表明，经常饮酒者明显更频繁地感到沮丧、缺乏自信、对自己的外表和生活方式不满意，并且他们觉得自己在与父母、同龄人及学校环境的互动中表现出明显更多的障碍。同样，与其他学生相比，他们明显更频繁地倾向于冒险行为，并且对饮酒的看法明显更积极。这些结果与在青少年和年轻人中报告的结果几乎相似，表明酒精滥用模式在童年早期就已形成。它们还凸显了流行病学调查对规划预防干预措施的价值。
