Bailly D
Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, AP-HM, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13374 Marseille cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille université, 13284 Marseille, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2016 May;23(5):549-53. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.02.011. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Although drinking problems are now well documented in adolescents and young people, few data are available on alcohol use in children younger than 12. In France, studies have shown that 60-70% of 11-year-olds reported having tasted alcohol drinks, 4-7% having experienced drunkenness at least once, and that 5-8% might be regarded as "regular" alcohol users. By comparison, the prevalence of child drinking in the United States seems to be lower. All studies show that parental alcohol-specific attitudes and parental educational practices have a strong influence on the initiation of alcohol use in children. Some of them also indicate that early-onset drinking in children may be related to psychosocial functioning in other life areas, such as problem behaviors, low school engagement, and poor relationships with parents, in association with temperamental and environmental risk factors similar to those described in substance use disorders. Since epidemiological studies showed that early initiation of alcohol use is linked to later alcohol-related problems, these data call for further attention to children's perceptions and attitudes with respect to alcohol in research to prevent alcohol misuse.
尽管青少年饮酒问题如今已有充分记录，但关于12岁以下儿童饮酒情况的数据却很少。在法国，研究表明，60%至70%的11岁儿童表示曾品尝过酒精饮料，4%至7%的儿童至少有过一次醉酒经历，5%至8%的儿童可能被视为“经常”饮酒者。相比之下，美国儿童饮酒的患病率似乎较低。所有研究都表明，父母对酒精的特定态度和父母的教育方式对儿童开始饮酒有很大影响。其中一些研究还表明，儿童过早开始饮酒可能与其他生活领域的心理社会功能有关，如问题行为、学校参与度低以及与父母关系不佳，同时还与物质使用障碍中描述的气质和环境风险因素有关。由于流行病学研究表明，过早开始饮酒与后来与酒精相关的问题有关，这些数据呼吁在预防酒精滥用的研究中进一步关注儿童对酒精的认知和态度。
