Clark-Gambelunghe Melinda B, Clark David A
Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, MC88, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, MC88, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015 Apr;62(2):367-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.11.003. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
Sensory development is complex, with both morphologic and neural components. Development of the senses begins in early fetal life, initially with structures and then in-utero stimulation initiates perception. After birth, environmental stimulants accelerate each sensory organ to nearly complete maturity several months after birth. Vision and hearing are the best studied senses and the most crucial for learning. This article focuses on the cranial senses of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. Sensory function, embryogenesis, external and genetic effects, and common malformations that may affect development are discussed, and the corresponding sensory organs are examined and evaluated.
感觉发育是复杂的，包括形态学和神经学成分。感觉的发育始于胎儿早期，最初是结构发育，然后子宫内刺激引发感知。出生后，环境刺激物会加速每个感觉器官在出生后几个月内接近完全成熟。视觉和听觉是研究得最充分的感觉，也是学习中最关键的。本文重点关注视觉、听觉、嗅觉和味觉等颅部感觉。讨论了可能影响发育的感觉功能、胚胎发生、外部和遗传效应以及常见畸形，并对相应的感觉器官进行了检查和评估。
