Yanovski Jack A
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Appetite. 2015 Oct;93:3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.028. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity in the United States increased dramatically between 1970 and 2000, and there are few indications that the rates of childhood obesity are decreasing. Obesity is associated with myriad medical, psychological, and neurocognitive abnormalities that impact children's health and quality of life. Genotypic variation is important in determining the susceptibility of individual children to undue gains in adiposity; however, the rapid increase in pediatric obesity prevalence suggests that changes to children's environments and/or to their learned behaviors may dramatically affect body weight regulation. This paper presents an overview of the epidemiology, consequences, and etiopathogenesis of pediatric obesity, serving as a general introduction to the subsequent papers in this Special Issue that address aspects of childhood obesity and cognition in detail.
1970年至2000年间，美国儿童和青少年肥胖率急剧上升，几乎没有迹象表明儿童肥胖率正在下降。肥胖与众多影响儿童健康和生活质量的医学、心理及神经认知异常有关。基因变异在决定个体儿童肥胖过度增加的易感性方面很重要；然而，儿童肥胖患病率的迅速上升表明，儿童所处环境和/或其习得行为的改变可能会显著影响体重调节。本文概述了儿童肥胖的流行病学、后果及病因发病机制，作为本期特刊后续论文的总体介绍，这些后续论文将详细探讨儿童肥胖和认知的各个方面。
