Dou Nan, Kowalski Alysse J, Lane Hannah, Hatton Ross, Black Maureen M, Hager Erin R
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA 21205.
Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, USA.
J Healthy Eat Act Living. 2023 Nov 1;3(2):76-99. eCollection 2023.
Family routines play a key role in promoting child health behaviors. This study 1) describes changes in children's perceptions of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating family routines across three time points: pre-pandemic (2017-2020), early pandemic (2020), and mid-pandemic (2021); and 2) explores how sex, age, and pandemic-related economic stressors relate to changes. Children's perceptions of family routines were assessed using four subscales adapted from the Comprehensive Home Environment Survey: PA-policies, Diet-policies, Diet-rules, and PA-Diet-role-model. Linear mixed models assessed changes in perceptions and associated factors (child age and sex; caregiver(s) job loss during pandemic). Children (=277) were aged 9.3-15.5y at pandemic onset (March 2020), dichotomized by median age (12.1y) as younger and older. Children's perceptions of PA-policies (pre-pandemic mean=15.4) and Diet-policies (pre-pandemic mean=26.3) increased significantly from pre- to early (b=1.2 and 2.3, respectively) and mid-pandemic (b=1.0 and 1.2, respectively). Diet-rules (pre-pandemic mean=10.8) decreased significantly from pre- to early (b=-1.1) and mid-pandemic (b=-2.0), with no PA-Diet-role-model changes. Younger children had a greater increase in perceived PA-policies and Diet-policies across the pandemic. Females (59.9%) had a greater decrease in perceived Diet-rules across the pandemic and less increase in Diet-policies and PA-Diet-role-model from pre- to early pandemic. Children whose caregiver(s) lost employment (51.8%) perceived a greater increase in PA-policies. Overall, children reported increased parental policies to support PA and healthy eating and decreased parental rules for diet during the pandemic. Future research is needed to understand how changes in family routines relate to PA and healthy eating behaviors.
家庭日常活动在促进儿童健康行为方面起着关键作用。本研究：1）描述了儿童在三个时间点对体育活动（PA）和健康饮食家庭日常活动的认知变化，这三个时间点分别是疫情前（2017 - 2020年）、疫情早期（2020年）和疫情中期（2021年）；2）探讨性别、年龄以及与疫情相关的经济压力源如何与这些变化相关联。使用从综合家庭环境调查改编而来的四个子量表评估儿童对家庭日常活动的认知：PA政策、饮食政策、饮食规则和PA - 饮食榜样。线性混合模型评估认知变化及相关因素（儿童年龄和性别；疫情期间照顾者失业情况）。在疫情开始时（2020年3月），儿童（=277名）年龄在9.3 - 15.5岁之间，按年龄中位数（12.1岁）分为较年幼和较年长两组。儿童对PA政策（疫情前均值 = 15.4）和饮食政策（疫情前均值 = 26.3）从疫情前到疫情早期（分别为b = 1.2和2.3）以及疫情中期（分别为b = 1.0和1.2）均显著增加。饮食规则（疫情前均值 = 10.8）从疫情前到疫情早期（b = -1.1）以及疫情中期（b = -2.0）显著下降，PA - 饮食榜样无变化。在整个疫情期间，较年幼的儿童对PA政策和饮食政策的认知增加幅度更大。女性（59.9%）在整个疫情期间对饮食规则的认知下降幅度更大，从疫情前到疫情早期饮食政策和PA - 饮食榜样的增加幅度较小。照顾者失业的儿童（51.8%）对PA政策的认知增加幅度更大。总体而言，儿童报告称在疫情期间父母支持PA和健康饮食的政策增加，而父母对饮食的规定减少。需要未来的研究来了解家庭日常活动的变化如何与PA和健康饮食行为相关联。
