Teschemacher A G, Gourine A V, Kasparov S
School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Neurochem Res. 2015 Dec;40(12):2386-93. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1562-9. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Astrocytes occupy a strategic position in the brain where they can act as an interface between neurones and blood vessels, and neurones and the cerebro-spinal fluid. This location is ideal for functioning as interoceptors, as they may sense changes in brain microenvironment and contribute to the adaptive homeostatic responses coordinated by neuronal networks. Here we briefly review some of the recent evidence, which implicates the involvement of astrocytes in the central nervous control of breathing, sympathetic tone and blood glucose levels. L-lactate appears a potentially crucial signaling molecule in the communication between astrocytes and neurones. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that astrocytes contribute to the homeostasis by playing a significant role in the brain's interoceptive mechanisms.
星形胶质细胞在大脑中占据着关键位置，它们可充当神经元与血管之间、神经元与脑脊液之间的界面。这个位置非常适合作为内感受器发挥作用，因为它们可以感知脑微环境的变化，并有助于由神经网络协调的适应性稳态反应。在此，我们简要回顾一些最新证据，这些证据表明星形胶质细胞参与了呼吸、交感神经张力和血糖水平的中枢神经控制。L-乳酸似乎是星形胶质细胞与神经元之间通讯中一个潜在的关键信号分子。基于现有证据，我们得出结论，星形胶质细胞通过在大脑的内感受机制中发挥重要作用来维持稳态。
