Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2015 Aug;132:152-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.027. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
Imidacloprid is one of the most used insecticides worldwide, but is highly toxic to non-target arthropods. Effects of sublethal imidacloprid intoxication can potentially propagate in food webs, yet little is known about the impact on non-target populations and communities. We investigated short-term sublethal toxicity of imidacloprid in a tritrophic model system of wild strawberry Fragaria vesca, wood cricket Nemobius sylvestris and nursery web spider Pisaura mirabilis. Strawberries were treated two times with 0mg (control), 1mg (low rate) and 10mg (high rate) of Confidor® WG 70 and crickets were allowed to feed on them. In four lab experiments, we quantified the impact of imidacloprid on leaf damage, growth, behaviour and survival of crickets. The high imidacloprid rate reduced feeding, mass gain, thorax growth and mobility in crickets compared to the control, while mortality was similarly low in all treatments. The low rate reduced mass gain only. Cricket survival of spider predation was higher in the low rate treatment than in the control. Overall, herbivory and predation were reduced at sublethal imidacloprid rates in a non-target organism, three-level food chain, which demonstrates possible propagation of sublethal effects through trophic interactions.
吡虫啉是世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一，但对非靶标节肢动物具有高度毒性。亚致死剂量的吡虫啉中毒的影响可能在食物网中传播，但对于非靶标种群和群落的影响知之甚少。我们在野生草莓 Fragaria vesca、木蟋蟀 Nemobius sylvestris 和苗圃网蜘蛛 Pisaura mirabilis 的三营养级模型系统中研究了吡虫啉的短期亚致死毒性。草莓用 0mg（对照）、1mg（低剂量）和 10mg（高剂量）的 Confidor®WG70 处理两次，然后让蟋蟀取食。在四个实验室实验中，我们量化了吡虫啉对蟋蟀叶片损伤、生长、行为和存活率的影响。与对照相比，高吡虫啉剂量降低了蟋蟀的取食、体重增加、胸部生长和活动性，而所有处理的死亡率相似较低。低剂量仅降低了体重增加。蜘蛛捕食时，低剂量处理组的蟋蟀存活率高于对照组。总的来说，在非靶标生物、三营养级食物链中，亚致死剂量的吡虫啉降低了草食性和捕食性，这表明亚致死效应可能通过营养相互作用传播。
