Haller Andreas
Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Land use policy. 2014 May;38:239-247. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.11.010.
Policy makers concerned with the peri-urban interface find their greatest challenges in the rapid urban growth of developing mountain regions, since limitations caused by relief and altitude often lead to an increased competition between rural and urban land use at the valley floors. In this context, little attention has been paid to the affected agriculturalists' perceptions of peri-urban growth-important information required for the realization of sustainable land use planning. How is the process of rural-urban land change perceived and assessed by peri-urban smallholder communities? Which are the major difficulties to be overcome? By what means are the affected people reacting and how are these adaptation strategies linked with the ongoing landscape transformations of the hinterland? By using the example of Huancayo Metropolitano, an emerging Peruvian mountain city, it is shown that rural-urban land change is intensively discussed within peri-urban smallholder groups. Although urbanization also leads to infrastructure investments by public institutions-an advantage perceived throughout the study area-the negative impacts of rural-urban land use change prevail. The perceptions' analysis reveals that the decrease of fertile and irrigated agricultural land at the quechua valley floor is especially considered to threaten subsistence, food and income security. In order to compensate the loss of production capacities, many smallholders try to expand or intensify their land use at the suni altitudinal belt: an agro-ecological zone characterized by steep and nonirrigated slopes that can actually not be used for the year-round production of crops previously cultivated at the quechua zone.
关注城乡边缘地带的政策制定者们发现，发展中山区的快速城市化给他们带来了巨大挑战，因为地形和海拔造成的限制往往导致谷底农村和城市土地利用之间的竞争加剧。在这种背景下，受影响的农民对城乡边缘地带发展的看法——这是实现可持续土地利用规划所需的重要信息——却很少受到关注。城乡边缘地带的小农户社区如何看待和评估农村土地向城市土地转变的过程？需要克服的主要困难有哪些？受影响的人们采取了哪些应对方式，以及这些适应策略如何与腹地正在进行的景观变化相联系？以秘鲁新兴的山区城市万卡约大都会为例可以看出，城乡边缘地带的小农户群体对农村土地向城市土地的转变进行了深入讨论。尽管城市化也会带来公共机构的基础设施投资——这是整个研究区域都能感受到的一项优势——但农村土地向城市土地利用转变的负面影响仍然占主导地位。对这些看法的分析表明，克丘亚谷底肥沃的灌溉农田减少尤其被认为会威胁到生计、粮食和收入安全。为了弥补生产能力的损失，许多小农户试图在苏尼海拔带扩大或强化土地利用：这是一个农业生态区，其特点是坡度陡峭且无灌溉设施，实际上无法用于常年种植以前在克丘亚区种植的作物。
