Collin-Vézina Delphine, De La Sablonnière-Griffin Mireille, Palmer Andrea M, Milne Lise
McGill University, School of Social Work, Centre for Research on Children and Families, 3506, University, Suite 321A, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
McGill University, School of Social Work, Centre for Research on Children and Families, Canada.
Child Abuse Negl. 2015 May;43:123-34. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.03.010. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
Uncovering the pathways to disclosures of child sexual abuse (CSA) and the factors influencing the willingness of victims to talk about the abuse is paramount to the development of powerful practice and policy initiatives. Framed as a long interview method utilizing a grounded theory approach to analyze data, the objective of the current study was to provide a preliminary mapping of the barriers to CSA disclosures through an ecological systemic lens, from a sample of 67 male and female CSA adult survivors, all of whom had recently received counselling services. The current project led to the identification of three broad categories of barriers that were each comprised of several subthemes, namely: Barriers from Within (internalized victim-blaming, mechanisms to protect oneself, and immature development at time of abuse); Barriers in Relation to Others (violence and dysfunction in the family, power dynamics, awareness of the impact of telling, and fragile social network); and Barriers in Relation to the Social World (labelling, taboo of sexuality, lack of services available, and culture or time period). This study points to the importance of using a broad ecological framework to understand the factors that inhibit disclosure of CSA, as barriers to disclosure do not constrain solely the victims. Results are discussed in light of their implications for research, prevention and intervention programs, and social policies and media campaigns, as the burden is on the larger community to create a climate of safety and transparency that makes the telling of CSA possible.
揭示儿童性虐待（CSA）披露的途径以及影响受害者谈论虐待行为意愿的因素，对于制定有效的实践和政策举措至关重要。本研究采用扎根理论方法分析数据的长时间访谈方法，旨在从67名成年CSA幸存者（包括男性和女性）的样本中，通过生态系统视角初步梳理CSA披露的障碍，这些幸存者均近期接受过咨询服务。当前项目识别出三大类障碍，每类障碍又包含若干子主题，即：自身内部障碍（内化的受害者归咎、自我保护机制以及虐待发生时发育不成熟）；与他人相关的障碍（家庭中的暴力和功能失调、权力动态、知晓倾诉的影响以及脆弱的社会网络）；与社会环境相关的障碍（标签化、性禁忌、缺乏可用服务以及文化或时代背景）。本研究指出，运用广泛的生态框架来理解抑制CSA披露的因素十分重要，因为披露障碍不仅会限制受害者。研究结果将结合其对研究、预防和干预项目、社会政策及媒体宣传活动的影响进行讨论，因为营造安全透明的环境以使CSA得以披露的责任在于更广泛的社会群体。
