Rehani M M
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015 Jul;165(1-4):3-6. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncv071. Epub 2015 Apr 5.
Radiation protection in medicine is becoming more and more important with increasing wider use of X-rays, documentation of effects besides the potential for long-term carcinogenic effects. With computed tomography (CT) likely to become sub-mSv in coming years, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and some of the nuclear medical examination will become focus of attraction as high-dose examinations, even though they are less-frequent ones. Clarity will be needed on radiation effects at levels of radiation doses encountered in a couple of CT scans and if effects are really cumulative. There is challenge to develop radiation metrics that can be used as easily as units of temperature and length and avoidance of multiple meaning of a single dose metric. Other challenges include development of biological indicators of radiation dose, transition from dose to a representative phantom to dose to individual patient, system for tracking of radiation exposure history of patient, avoidance of radiation-induced skin injury in patients and radiation cataract in staff, cutting down inappropriate referrals for radiological examinations, confidence building in patient and patient safety in radiotherapy.
随着X射线的使用越来越广泛，除了潜在的长期致癌作用外，医学中的辐射防护正变得越来越重要。随着计算机断层扫描（CT）在未来几年可能降至亚毫希沃特，正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）以及一些核医学检查将成为高剂量检查的关注焦点，尽管它们的使用频率较低。对于在几次CT扫描中所遇到的辐射剂量水平下的辐射效应以及这些效应是否真的具有累积性，需要有清晰的认识。开发能够像温度和长度单位一样易于使用的辐射度量标准，并避免单一剂量度量标准的多种含义，这是一项挑战。其他挑战包括开发辐射剂量的生物指标、从剂量到代表性体模再到个体患者剂量的转换、患者辐射暴露历史跟踪系统、避免患者辐射性皮肤损伤和工作人员辐射性白内障、减少不适当的放射学检查转诊、增强患者信心以及放疗中的患者安全。
