May Margaret T, Justice Amy C, Birnie Kate, Ingle Suzanne M, Smit Colette, Smith Colette, Neau Didier, Guiguet Marguerite, Schwarze-Zander Carolynne, Moreno Santiago, Guest Jodie L, Monforte Antonella dʼArminio, Tural Cristina, Gill Michael J, Bregenzer Andrea, Kirk Ole, Saag Michael, Sterling Timothy R, Crane Heidi M, Sterne Jonathan A C
*School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; †Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; ‡VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; §Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ‖Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; ¶Fédération des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; #INSERM U943 and UPMC UMR-S-943, Paris, France; **Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; ††Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; ‡‡Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA; §§Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; ‖‖Fundació de la Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; ¶¶Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; ##Department of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Gallen, Switzerland; ***CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; †††Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; ‡‡‡Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and §§§Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Jul 1;69(3):348-54. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000603.
HIV-infected individuals with a history of transmission through injection drug use (IDU) have poorer survival than other risk groups. The extent to which higher rates of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in IDU explain survival differences is unclear.
Adults who started antiretroviral therapy between 2000 and 2009 in 16 European and North American cohorts with >70% complete data on HCV status were followed for 3 years. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, baseline CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA, AIDS diagnosis before antiretroviral therapy, and stratified by cohort) mortality hazard ratios for IDU (versus non-IDU) and for HCV-infected (versus HCV uninfected).
Of 32,703 patients, 3374 (10%) were IDU; 4630 (14%) were HCV+; 1116 (3.4%) died. Mortality was higher in IDU compared with non-IDU [adjusted HR 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.32 to 3.16] and in HCV+ compared with HCV- (adjusted HR 2.65; 95% CI: 2.31 to 3.04). The effect of IDU was substantially attenuated (adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.94) after adjustment for HCV, while attenuation of the effect of HCV was less substantial (adjusted HR 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.47) after adjustment for IDU. Both IDU and HCV were strongly associated with liver-related mortality (adjusted HR 10.89; 95% CI: 6.47 to 18.3 for IDU and adjusted HR 14.0; 95% CI: 8.05 to 24.5 for HCV) with greater attenuation of the effect of IDU (adjusted HR 2.43; 95% CI: 1.24 to 4.78) than for HCV (adjusted HR 7.97; 95% CI: 3.83 to 16.6). Rates of CNS, respiratory and violent deaths remained elevated in IDU after adjustment for HCV.
A substantial proportion of the excess mortality in HIV-infected IDU is explained by HCV coinfection. These findings underscore the potential impact on mortality of new treatments for HCV in HIV-infected people.
有注射吸毒（IDU）传播史的HIV感染者的生存率低于其他风险群体。IDU中丙型肝炎（HCV）感染率较高在多大程度上解释了生存差异尚不清楚。
对2000年至2009年间在16个欧洲和北美队列中开始抗逆转录病毒治疗且HCV状态完整数据>70%的成年人进行了3年随访。我们估计了IDU（与非IDU相比）以及HCV感染（与未感染HCV相比）的未调整和调整后（针对年龄、性别、基线CD4计数和HIV-1 RNA、抗逆转录病毒治疗前的艾滋病诊断，并按队列分层）的死亡风险比。
在32703例患者中，3374例（10%）为IDU；4630例（14%）为HCV阳性；1116例（3.4%）死亡。IDU患者的死亡率高于非IDU患者[调整后风险比（HR）2.71；95%置信区间（CI）：2.32至3.16]，HCV阳性患者高于HCV阴性患者（调整后HR 2.65；95%CI：2.31至3.04）。在对HCV进行调整后，IDU的影响大幅减弱（调整后HR 1.57；95%CI：1.27至1.94），而在对IDU进行调整后，HCV的影响减弱程度较小（调整后HR 2.04；95%CI：1.68至2.47）。IDU和HCV均与肝脏相关死亡率密切相关（IDU调整后HR 10.89；95%CI：6.47至18.3，HCV调整后HR 14.0；95%CI：8.05至24.5），IDU的影响减弱程度大于HCV（IDU调整后HR 2.43；95%CI：1.24至4.78，HCV调整后HR 7.97；95%CI：3.83至16.6）。在对HCV进行调整后，IDU患者的中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和暴力死亡发生率仍然较高。
HIV感染的IDU患者中相当一部分额外死亡率可归因于HCV合并感染。这些发现强调了针对HIV感染者的HCV新治疗方法对死亡率的潜在影响。
