Loft Shayne, Bowden Vanessa, Braithwaite Janelle, Morrell Daniel B, Huf Samuel, Durso Francis T
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2015 Mar;57(2):298-310. doi: 10.1177/0018720814545515. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
The aim of this study was to examine whether the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM) and the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) predict incremental variance in performance on a simulated submarine track management task and to measure the potential disruptive effect of these situation awareness (SA) measures.
Submarine track managers use various displays to localize and track contacts detected by own-ship sensors. The measurement of SA is crucial for designing effective submarine display interfaces and training programs.
Participants monitored a tactical display and sonar bearing-history display to track the cumulative behaviors of contacts in relationship to own-ship position and landmarks. SPAM (or SAGAT) and the Air Traffic Workload Input Technique (ATWIT) were administered during each scenario, and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and Situation Awareness Rating Technique were administered postscenario.
SPAM and SAGAT predicted variance in performance after controlling for subjective measures of SA and workload, and SA for past information was a stronger predictor than SA for current/future information. The NASA-TLX predicted performance on some tasks. Only SAGAT predicted variance in performance on all three tasks but marginally increased subjective workload.
SPAM, SAGAT, and the NASA-TLX can predict unique variance in submarine track management performance. SAGAT marginally increased subjective workload, but this increase did not lead to any performance decrement.
Defense researchers have identified SPAM as an alternative to SAGAT because it would not require field exercises involving submarines to be paused. SPAM was not disruptive, but it is potentially problematic that SPAM did not predict variance in all three performance tasks.
本研究旨在检验态势现状评估方法（SPAM）和态势感知全局评估技术（SAGAT）能否预测模拟潜艇航迹管理任务中绩效的增量方差，并测量这些态势感知（SA）测量方法的潜在干扰效应。
潜艇航迹管理人员使用各种显示器来定位和跟踪本舰传感器检测到的目标。态势感知的测量对于设计有效的潜艇显示界面和训练计划至关重要。
参与者监测战术显示器和声纳方位历史显示器，以跟踪目标相对于本舰位置和地标的累积行为。在每个场景中实施SPAM（或SAGAT）和空中交通工作负荷输入技术（ATWIT），并在场景结束后实施美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）和态势感知评级技术。
在控制了态势感知和工作负荷的主观测量指标后，SPAM和SAGAT预测了绩效方差，并且过去信息的态势感知比当前/未来信息的态势感知是更强的预测指标。NASA-TLX预测了某些任务的绩效。只有SAGAT预测了所有三项任务的绩效方差，但略微增加了主观工作负荷。
SPAM、SAGAT和NASA-TLX可以预测潜艇航迹管理绩效中的独特方差。SAGAT略微增加了主观工作负荷，但这种增加并未导致任何绩效下降。
国防研究人员已将SPAM确定为SAGAT的替代方法，因为它不需要暂停涉及潜艇的实地演习。SPAM没有干扰性，但SPAM未能预测所有三项绩效任务的方差，这可能存在问题。
