Ghodrati Masoud, Morris Adam P, Price Nicholas Seow Chiang
Department of Physiology, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2015 Mar 23;6:303. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00303. eCollection 2015.
Psychophysical and physiological studies of vision have traditionally used cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors to present stimuli. These monitors are no longer easily available, and liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is continually improving; therefore, we characterized a number of LCD monitors to determine if newer models are suitable replacements for CRTs in the laboratory. We compared the spatial and temporal characteristics of a CRT with five LCDs, including monitors designed with vision science in mind (ViewPixx and Display++), "prosumer" gaming monitors, and a consumer-grade LCD. All monitors had sufficient contrast, luminance range and reliability to support basic vision experiments with static images. However, the luminance of all LCDs depended strongly on viewing angle, which in combination with the poor spatial uniformity of all monitors except the VPixx, caused up to 80% drops in effective luminance in the periphery during central fixation. Further, all monitors showed significant spatial dependence, as the luminance of one area was modulated by the luminance of other areas. These spatial imperfections are most pronounced for experiments that use large or peripheral visual stimuli. In the temporal domain, the gaming LCDs were unable to generate reliable luminance patterns; one was unable to reach the requested luminance within a single frame whereas in the other the luminance of one frame affected the luminance of the next frame. The VPixx and Display++ were less affected by these problems, and had good temporal properties provided stimuli were presented for 2 or more frames. Of the consumer-grade and gaming displays tested, and if problems with spatial uniformity are taken into account, the Eizo FG2421 is the most suitable alternative to CRTs. The specialized ViewPixx performed best among all the tested LCDs, followed closely by the Display++; both are good replacements for a CRT, provided their spatial imperfections are considered.
视觉的心理物理学和生理学研究传统上一直使用阴极射线管（CRT）显示器来呈现刺激。这些显示器如今已不再容易获得，而且液晶显示器（LCD）技术也在不断改进；因此，我们对多款LCD显示器进行了特性描述，以确定较新的型号是否适合在实验室中替代CRT显示器。我们将一台CRT显示器与五台LCD显示器的空间和时间特性进行了比较，其中包括专为视觉科学设计的显示器（ViewPixx和Display++）、“专业消费级”游戏显示器以及一台消费级LCD。所有显示器都具有足够的对比度、亮度范围和可靠性，以支持使用静态图像的基础视觉实验。然而，所有LCD的亮度都强烈依赖于视角，这与除VPixx之外的所有显示器较差的空间均匀性相结合，在中央注视期间导致周边有效亮度下降高达80%。此外，所有显示器都表现出显著的空间依赖性，因为一个区域的亮度会受到其他区域亮度的调制。这些空间缺陷在使用大尺寸或周边视觉刺激的实验中最为明显。在时间域方面，游戏LCD无法生成可靠的亮度模式；其中一台无法在单帧内达到所需亮度，而另一台则一帧的亮度会影响下一帧的亮度。VPixx和Display++受这些问题的影响较小，并且只要刺激呈现2帧或更多帧，就具有良好的时间特性。在测试的消费级和游戏显示器中，如果考虑到空间均匀性问题，艺卓FG2421是最适合替代CRT的产品。在所有测试的LCD中，专门的ViewPixx表现最佳，紧随其后的是Display++；只要考虑到它们的空间缺陷，两者都是CRT的良好替代品。
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