Shliapnikov D M, Kostarev V G
Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2014(12):16-8.
The article deals with results of a priori and a posteriori evaluation of occupational risk for workers' health. Categories of a priori occupational risk for workers are estimated as high to very high (intolerable) risk. Findings are that work conditions in nonferrous metallurgy workshop result in upper respiratory tract diseases (medium degree of occupational conditionality). Increased prevalence of such diseases among the workers is connected with length of service. The authors revealed priority factors for occupationally conditioned diseases. A promising approach in occupational medicine is creation of methods to evaluate and forecast occupational risk, that enable to specify goal parameters for prophylactic measures. For example, modelling the risk of occupationally conditioned diseases via changes in exposure to occupational factor and length of service proved that decrease of chemical concentrations in air of workplace to maximally allowable ones lowers risk of respiratory diseases from 14 to 6 cases per year, for length of service of 5 years and population risk.
本文论述了对工人健康职业风险的先验和后验评估结果。工人先验职业风险类别估计为高到极高（不可容忍）风险。研究结果表明，有色冶金车间的工作条件会导致上呼吸道疾病（职业条件性为中度）。这些疾病在工人中的患病率增加与服务年限有关。作者揭示了职业性疾病的优先因素。职业医学中一个有前景的方法是创建评估和预测职业风险的方法，这能够明确预防措施的目标参数。例如，通过职业因素暴露变化和服务年限对职业性疾病风险进行建模证明，将工作场所空气中化学物质浓度降低到最大允许浓度，对于5年服务年限和人群风险而言，可将呼吸道疾病风险从每年14例降至6例。
