Davidson Alisha D, Fusaro Abigail J, Kashian Donna R
Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
Environ Manage. 2015 Jul;56(1):54-65. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0484-2. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Management of invasive species has increasingly emphasized the importance of early detection and rapid response (EDRR) programs in limiting introductions, establishment, and impacts. These programs require an understanding of vector and species spatial dynamics to prioritize monitoring sites and efficiently allocate resources. Yet managers often lack the empirical data necessary to make these decisions. We developed an empirical mapping tool that can facilitate development of EDRR programs through identifying high-risk locations, particularly within the recreational boating vector. We demonstrated the utility of this tool in the Great Lakes watershed. We surveyed boaters to identify trips among water bodies and to quantify behaviors associated with high likelihood of species transfer (e.g., not removing organic materials from boat trailers) during that trip. We mapped water bodies with high-risk inbound and outbound boater movements using ArcGIS. We also tested for differences in high-risk behaviors based on demographic variables to understand risk differences among boater groups. Incorporation of boater behavior led to identification of additional high-risk water bodies compared to using the number of trips alone. Therefore, the number of trips itself may not fully reflect the likelihood of invasion. This tool can be broadly applied in other geographic contexts and with different taxa, and can be adjusted according to varying levels of information concerning the vector or species of interest. The methodology is straightforward and can be followed after a basic introduction to ArcGIS software. The visual nature of the mapping tool will facilitate site prioritization by managers and stakeholders from diverse backgrounds.
入侵物种的管理越来越强调早期检测和快速反应（EDRR）计划在限制引入、定殖和影响方面的重要性。这些计划需要了解传播媒介和物种的空间动态，以便确定监测地点的优先级并有效分配资源。然而，管理人员往往缺乏做出这些决策所需的实证数据。我们开发了一种实证绘图工具，通过识别高风险地点，特别是在休闲划船传播媒介范围内，来促进EDRR计划的制定。我们在五大湖流域展示了该工具的实用性。我们对划船者进行了调查，以确定水体之间的行程，并量化与该行程中物种转移高可能性相关的行为（例如，未从船用拖车上清除有机材料）。我们使用ArcGIS绘制了有高风险入境和出境划船者活动的水体地图。我们还根据人口统计变量测试了高风险行为的差异，以了解不同划船者群体之间的风险差异。与仅使用行程数量相比，纳入划船者行为导致识别出更多的高风险水体。因此，行程数量本身可能无法完全反映入侵的可能性。该工具可广泛应用于其他地理环境和不同的分类群，并可根据有关感兴趣的传播媒介或物种的不同信息水平进行调整。该方法很简单，在对ArcGIS软件进行基本介绍后即可采用。绘图工具的可视化特性将便于不同背景的管理人员和利益相关者确定地点的优先级。
