Ball Kylie, Carver Alison, Downing Katherine, Jackson Michelle, O'Rourke Kerryn
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3151, Australia
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3151, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2015 Sep;30 Suppl 2:ii18-9. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dav022. Epub 2015 Apr 7.
Participation in both physical activity and sedentary behaviours follow a social gradient, such that those who are more advantaged are more likely to be regularly physically active, less likely to be sedentary, and less likely to experience the adverse health outcomes associated with inactive lifestyles than their less advantaged peers. The aim of this paper is to provide, in a format that will support policymakers and practitioners, an overview of the current evidence base and highlight promising approaches for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours equitably at each level of 'Fair Foundations: The VicHealth framework for health equity'. A rapid review was undertaken in February-April 2014. Electronic databases (Medline, PsychINFO, SportsDISCUS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Global Health and Embase) were searched using a pre-defined search strategy and grey literature searches of websites of key relevant organizations were undertaken. The majority of included studies focussed on approaches targeting behaviour change at the individual level, with fewer focussing on daily living conditions or broader socioeconomic, political and cultural contexts. While many gaps in the evidence base remain, particularly in relation to reducing sedentary behaviour, promising approaches for promoting physical activity equitably across the three levels of the Fair Foundations framework include: community-wide approaches; support for local and state governments to develop policies and practices; neighbourhood designs (including parks) that are conducive to physical activity; investment in early childhood interventions; school programmes; peer- or group-based programmes; and targeted motivational, cognitive-behavioural, and/or mediated individual-level approaches.
参与体育活动和久坐行为都呈现出社会梯度差异，即与处于较不利地位的同龄人相比，那些处于更有利地位的人更有可能经常进行体育活动，久坐的可能性更小，并且更不容易出现与久坐不动生活方式相关的不良健康后果。本文旨在以一种能为政策制定者和从业者提供支持的形式，概述当前的证据基础，并突出在“公平基础：维州健康促进公平框架”的各个层面上公平促进体育活动和减少久坐行为的有前景的方法。2014年2月至4月进行了快速综述。使用预先定义的检索策略对电子数据库（医学索引数据库、心理学文摘数据库、体育与运动科学数据库、护理学与健康照护数据库、Scopus数据库、科学引文索引数据库、考克兰图书馆、全球健康数据库和荷兰医学文摘数据库）进行了检索，并对关键相关组织的网站进行了灰色文献检索。纳入的大多数研究聚焦于针对个体层面行为改变的方法，较少关注日常生活条件或更广泛的社会经济、政治和文化背景。尽管证据基础仍存在许多空白，特别是在减少久坐行为方面，但在公平基础框架的三个层面上公平促进体育活动的有前景的方法包括：全社区方法；支持地方和州政府制定政策和实践；有利于体育活动的社区设计（包括公园）；对幼儿干预措施的投资；学校项目；同伴或基于群体的项目；以及有针对性的动机、认知行为和/或中介个体层面的方法。
