Mandel N S, Mandel G S
Research Service, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
J Urol. 1989 Dec;142(6):1516-21. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39145-0.
The geographical distribution of crystalline components observed in urinary tract stones in the continental United States has been studied in the United States veteran population. Since the veteran population is at risk for urolithiasis the National Veterans Administration Crystal Identification Center was established in 1983 for the characterization of all crystal-containing veteran patient samples using high resolution x-ray powder diffraction. The geographical distribution of whewellite, weddelite, apatite, brushite, struvite, uric acid and uric acid dihydrate is presented. The percentage occurrence of the crystalline components, percentage occurrence of admixed stones and geographical distribution of the number of components in admixed stones also are presented. The data highlight that although the southeastern United States has the highest patient discharge rate for stones, this high discharge rate appears to be correlated specifically with a high discharge rate for calcium oxalate stones and not with a high discharge rate for any of the other common stone components.
