Martinez-Martinez P, Molenaar P C, Losen M, Hoffmann C, Stevens J, de Witte L D, van Amelsvoort T, van Os J, Rutten B P F
Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2015;57(3):183-91.
Changes that occur in the behaviour of voltage-gated ion channels and ligand-gated receptor channels due to gene mutations or auto-immune attack are the cause of channelopathies in the central and peripheral nervous system. Although the relation between molecular channel defects and clinical symptoms has been explained in the case of many neuromuscular channelopathies, the pathophysiology of auto-immunity in neuropsychiatric syndromes is still unclear.
To review recent findings regarding neuronal auto-immune reactions in severe neuropsychiatric syndromes.
Using PubMed, we consulted the literature published between 1990 and August 2014 relating to the occurrence of auto-immune antibodies in severe and persistent neuropsychiatric syndromes.
Auto-antibodies have only limited access to the central nervous system, but if they do enter the system they can, in some cases, cause disease. We discuss recent findings regarding the occurrence of auto-antibodies against ligand-activated receptor channels and potassium channels in neuropsychiatric and neurological syndromes, including schizophrenia and limbic encephalitis.
Although the occurrence of several auto-antibodies in schizophrenia has been confirmed, there is still no proof of a causal relationship in the syndrome. We still have no evidence of the prevalence of auto-immunity in neuropsychiatric syndromes. The discovery that an antibody against an ion channel is associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders may mean that in future it will be possible to treat patients by means of immunosuppression, which could lead to an improvement in a patient's cognitive abilities.
由于基因突变或自身免疫攻击导致的电压门控离子通道和配体门控受体通道行为变化是中枢和周围神经系统通道病的病因。尽管在许多神经肌肉通道病中已经解释了分子通道缺陷与临床症状之间的关系，但神经精神综合征中自身免疫的病理生理学仍不清楚。
综述严重神经精神综合征中神经元自身免疫反应的最新研究结果。
利用PubMed，我们查阅了1990年至2014年8月间发表的有关严重和持续性神经精神综合征中自身免疫抗体发生情况的文献。
自身抗体进入中枢神经系统的途径有限，但如果它们确实进入该系统，在某些情况下可能会引发疾病。我们讨论了神经精神和神经综合征中针对配体激活受体通道和钾通道的自身抗体发生情况的最新研究结果，包括精神分裂症和边缘性脑炎。
尽管精神分裂症中几种自身抗体的存在已得到证实，但该综合征中仍没有因果关系的证据。我们仍然没有神经精神综合征中自身免疫患病率的证据。发现一种针对离子通道的抗体与某些神经精神疾病有关，这可能意味着未来有可能通过免疫抑制来治疗患者，从而改善患者的认知能力。
