Root David H, Melendez Roberto I, Zaborszky Laszlo, Napier T Celeste
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, United States.
Prog Neurobiol. 2015 Jul;130:29-70. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Apr 6.
The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the neurobiology of mental health (e.g., addiction, depression). This contributes to a gap in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. This review is presented to help bridge the gap by providing a resource for current knowledge of VP anatomy, projection patterns and subregional circuits, and how this organization relates to the function of VP neurons and ultimately behavior. For example, ventromedial (VPvm) and dorsolateral (VPdl) VP subregions receive projections from nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. Inhibitory GABAergic neurons of the VPvm project to mediodorsal thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, and ventral tegmental area, and this VP subregion helps discriminate the appropriate conditions to acquire natural rewards or drugs of abuse, consume preferred foods, and perform working memory tasks. GABAergic neurons of the VPdl project to subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, and this VP subregion is modulated by, and is necessary for, drug-seeking behavior. Additional circuits arise from nonGABAergic neuronal phenotypes that are likely to excite rather than inhibit their targets. These subregional and neuronal phenotypic circuits place the VP in a unique position to process motivationally relevant stimuli and coherent adaptive behaviors.
腹侧苍白球（VP）在动机性行为的处理和执行中起着关键作用。然而，在已发表的关于心理健康神经生物学（如成瘾、抑郁）的讨论中，这个脑区常常被忽视。这导致在理解精神疾病的神经生物学机制方面存在差距。本综述旨在通过提供有关VP解剖结构、投射模式和亚区域回路的现有知识资源，以及这种组织结构如何与VP神经元的功能乃至行为相关联，来帮助弥合这一差距。例如，腹内侧（VPvm）和背外侧（VPdl）VP亚区域分别接收伏隔核壳部和核心的投射。VPvm的抑制性γ-氨基丁酸能神经元投射到丘脑背内侧核、下丘脑外侧和腹侧被盖区，这个VP亚区域有助于辨别获取自然奖励或滥用药物、食用偏好食物以及执行工作记忆任务的合适条件。VPdl的γ-氨基丁酸能神经元投射到丘脑底核和黑质网状部，这个VP亚区域受觅药行为调节且对觅药行为是必需的。其他回路来自非γ-氨基丁酸能神经元表型，这些表型可能兴奋而非抑制其靶标。这些亚区域和神经元表型回路使VP处于一个独特的位置，能够处理与动机相关的刺激和连贯的适应性行为。
