Roossinck Marilyn J
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Virology. 2015 May;479-480:271-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.041. Epub 2015 Apr 7.
Since the discovery of Tobacco mosaic virus nearly 120 years ago, most studies on viruses have focused on their roles as pathogens. Virus ecology takes a different look at viruses, from the standpoint of how they affect their hosts׳ interactions with the environment. Using the framework of symbiotic relationships helps put the true nature of viruses into perspective. Plants clearly have a long history of relationships with viruses that have shaped their evolution. In wild plants viruses are common but usually asymptomatic. In experimental studies plant viruses are sometimes mutualists rather than pathogens. Virus ecology is closely tied to the ecology of their vectors, and the behavior of insects, critical for transmission of many plant viruses, is impacted by virus-plant interactions. Virulence is probable not beneficial for most host-virus interactions, hence commensal and mutualistic relationships are almost certainly common, in spite of the paucity of literature on beneficial viruses.
自近120年前发现烟草花叶病毒以来，大多数关于病毒的研究都集中在它们作为病原体的作用上。病毒生态学则从病毒如何影响宿主与环境相互作用的角度，对病毒有不同的看法。利用共生关系的框架有助于正确看待病毒的本质。植物与病毒的关系由来已久，这种关系塑造了它们的进化。在野生植物中，病毒很常见，但通常没有症状。在实验研究中，植物病毒有时是共生者而非病原体。病毒生态学与它们的传播媒介的生态学密切相关，而昆虫的行为对许多植物病毒的传播至关重要，它会受到病毒与植物相互作用的影响。对于大多数宿主与病毒的相互作用来说，毒性可能并无益处，因此，尽管关于有益病毒的文献很少，但共生和互利关系几乎肯定是普遍存在的。
