Menghetti E, Strisciuglio P, Spagnolo A, Carletti M, Paciotti G, Muzzi G, Beltemacchi M, Concolino D, Strambi M, Rosano A
Study Group on Hypertension, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Jun;25(6):602-7. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.02.009. Epub 2015 Mar 2.
In Italy, the prevalence of hypertension, obesity and overweight in paediatric patients has increased in the past years. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between obesity and hypertension and related factors in Italian students.
We studied 2007 healthy individuals between the ages of 6 and 17 years of age (998 males and 1009 females) attending schools in the cities of Varese (northern Italy), Rome (central Italy) and Catanzaro (southern Italy). The blood pressure, weight and height of the students were measured. We also assessed their daily intake of foods and the amount of physical activity they performed. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the subjects to obtain information on the child's medical history and family lifestyle. Of the students, 27.2% were overweight, and 6.6% were obese, with the highest percentages in southern Italy. A total of 6.2% of students had hypertension, and the region with the highest percentage was found to be northern Italy. Obese students had a risk of developing hypertension that was four times greater than those subjects who were of normal weight.
Overweight and obese children/adolescents were more frequently found in southern Italy as opposed to northern and central Italy, and hypertensive children were more prevalent in the north. An unhealthy diet might explain the more widely spread obesity among children living in the south; an excess use of salt could explain the greater rate of hypertension found among children/adolescents living in the north.
在意大利，过去几年儿科患者中高血压、肥胖和超重的患病率有所上升。本研究的目的是分析意大利学生中肥胖与高血压之间的关系及相关因素。
我们研究了2007名年龄在6至17岁之间的健康个体（998名男性和1009名女性），他们就读于意大利北部的瓦雷泽市、中部的罗马市和南部的卡坦扎罗市的学校。测量了学生的血压、体重和身高。我们还评估了他们的日常食物摄入量和体育活动量。向受试者的父母发放了一份问卷，以获取有关孩子病史和家庭生活方式的信息。在这些学生中，27.2%超重，6.6%肥胖，其中意大利南部的比例最高。共有6.2%的学生患有高血压，发现比例最高的地区是意大利北部。肥胖学生患高血压的风险是体重正常学生的四倍。
与意大利北部和中部相比，超重和肥胖儿童/青少年在意大利南部更为常见，而高血压儿童在北部更为普遍。不健康的饮食可能解释了生活在南部的儿童中肥胖更为普遍的现象；过量摄入盐可能解释了生活在北部的儿童/青少年中高血压发病率较高的现象。
