Shin Sohee, Demura Shinichi, Watanabe Tsuneo, Yabumoto Tamotsu, Shi Bateer, Sakakibara Naoki, Matsuoka Toshio
J Physiol Anthropol. 2015 Mar 24;34(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40101-015-0052-8.
This study aims to examine age-related and obstacle height-related differences in movements while stepping over obstacles.
The participants included 16 elderly and nine young women. Obstacles that were either 5 or 20 cm high were positioned at the center of a 4-m walking path. The participants were instructed to walk along the path as quickly as possible. The participants' movements were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system that recorded their movements as they walked and stepped over the obstacles.
Seven joint angles and the distances between the ground and six markers were examined in the initial contact and swing instants of the leading and trailing limbs. In the initial contact instant, the elderly women prepared for stepping with a lower toe height than the young women when stepping over the 20-cm obstacle. Trunk rotation was greater in the young women than in the elderly women. In the swing instant, the elderly women showed greater ankle dorsiflexion and hip adduction angles for the leading limb when stepping over the 20-cm obstacle. They moved the trailing limb with increased ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, and foot inversion to ensure that they did not touch the obstacle as they stepped over it. These movement patterns are characteristic of elderly individuals who cannot easily lift their lower limbs because of decreased lower-limb strength.
本研究旨在探讨跨越障碍物时与年龄和障碍物高度相关的运动差异。
参与者包括16名老年女性和9名年轻女性。将高度为5厘米或20厘米的障碍物放置在一条4米长的步行路径中央。要求参与者尽可能快地沿着路径行走。使用三维运动分析系统对参与者的运动进行分析，该系统在他们行走和跨越障碍物时记录其运动。
在领先和落后肢体的初始接触和摆动瞬间，检查了七个关节角度以及地面与六个标记之间的距离。在初始接触瞬间，老年女性在跨越20厘米障碍物时，准备迈步时脚趾高度低于年轻女性。年轻女性的躯干旋转幅度大于老年女性。在摆动瞬间，老年女性在跨越20厘米障碍物时，领先肢体的踝关节背屈和髋关节内收角度更大。她们移动落后肢体时，踝关节背屈、膝关节屈曲、髋关节屈曲和足内翻增加，以确保在跨越障碍物时不会碰到它。这些运动模式是由于下肢力量下降而难以轻松抬起下肢的老年人的特征。
