Li Wenjun, Keegan Theresa H M, Sternfeld Barbara, Sidney Stephen, Quesenberry Charles P, Kelsey Jennifer L
Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Jul;96(7):1192-200. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083055. Epub 2006 May 30.
Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults.
We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case-control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers between 1996 and 2001.
Falls occurred outdoors more often than indoors among most age groups. Study participants who reported more leisure-time physical activity had a higher risk for outdoor falls, and participants who were in poorer health had a greater risk for indoor falls. Most outdoor falls (73%) were precipitated by environmental factors, such as uneven surfaces and tripping or slipping on objects, and usually occurred on sidewalks, curbs, and streets. Walking (47.3%) was the most common fall-related activity.
Outdoor falls among adults aged 45 years and older were frequently attributable to modifiable environmental factors. With the widespread promotion of active lifestyles among older people, improvements in their outdoor environment are urgently needed.
尽管针对老年人室内跌倒的风险因素已进行了充分研究，但对于室外跌倒的病因却知之甚少。我们研究了中老年人室外跌倒的风险因素。
我们分析了一项骨折病例对照研究中对照组（N = 2193）年龄在45岁及以上参与者过去一年中最近一次跌倒的数据。该研究于1996年至2001年在加利福尼亚州北部的5家凯撒永久医疗中心进行。
在大多数年龄组中，跌倒在室外发生的频率高于室内。报告休闲时间身体活动较多的研究参与者室外跌倒风险较高，而健康状况较差的参与者室内跌倒风险较大。大多数室外跌倒（73%）是由环境因素引发的，如路面不平以及被物体绊倒或滑倒，且通常发生在人行道、路缘和街道上。行走（47.3%）是与跌倒相关最常见的活动。
45岁及以上成年人的室外跌倒通常归因于可改变的环境因素。随着积极生活方式在老年人中的广泛推广，迫切需要改善他们的室外环境。
