Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015 Aug;33:134-40. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.03.018. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
Pupil size, as a component of orienting, changes rapidly in response to local salient events in the environment, in addition to its well-known illumination-dependent modulation. Recent research has shown that visual, auditory, or audiovisual stimuli can elicit transient pupil dilation, and the timing and size of the evoked responses are systematically modulated by stimulus salience. Moreover, weak microstimulation of the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure involved in eye movements and attention, evokes similar transient pupil dilation, suggesting that the SC coordinates the orienting response which includes transient pupil dilation. Projections from the SC to the pupil control circuitry provide a novel neural substrate underlying pupil modulation by various cognitive processes.
瞳孔大小作为定向的一个组成部分，除了其众所周知的光照依赖调节外，还能对环境中局部显著事件迅速做出反应。最近的研究表明，视觉、听觉或视听刺激可以引起瞳孔短暂扩张，并且诱发反应的时间和大小会被刺激显著性系统地调节。此外，对中脑结构上丘（SC）的微弱微刺激会引起类似的瞳孔短暂扩张，这表明上丘协调包括瞳孔短暂扩张的定向反应。SC 到瞳孔控制回路的投射为各种认知过程调节瞳孔提供了一个新的神经基础。
