Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, USA.
Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, USA; School of Urban and Environmental Studies, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China.
Health Place. 2015 Jul;34:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.03.010. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Based on the data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012, this study examines the association of neighborhood built environments with individual physical inactivity and obesity in the U.S. Multilevel modeling is used to control for the effects of individual socio-demographic characteristics. Neighborhood variables include built environment, poverty level and urbanicity at the county level. Among the built environment variables, a poorer street connectivity and a more prominent presence of fast-food restaurants are associated with a higher obesity risk (especially for areas of certain urbanicity levels). Analysis of data subsets divided by areas of different urbanicity levels and by gender reveals the variability of effects of independent variables, more so for the neighborhood variables than individual variables. This implies that some obesity risk factors are geographically specific and vary between men and women. The results lend support to the role of built environment in influencing people's health behavior and outcome, and promote public policies that need to be geographically adaptable and sensitive to the diversity of demographic groups.
基于 2012 年行为风险因素监测系统的数据，本研究考察了美国邻里建成环境与个体身体活动不足和肥胖的关系。采用多层次模型控制个体社会人口特征的影响。邻里变量包括县一级的建成环境、贫困水平和城市度。在建成环境变量中，较差的街道连通性和快餐店更突出的存在与更高的肥胖风险（特别是在某些城市度水平的地区）相关。按不同城市度水平和性别划分的数据分析子集揭示了自变量的影响的可变性，邻里变量比个体变量更为明显。这意味着一些肥胖风险因素在地理上是特定的，并且在男性和女性之间存在差异。研究结果支持了建成环境在影响人们健康行为和结果方面的作用，并促进了需要具有地理适应性和对人口群体多样性敏感的公共政策。
