Di Ruggiero Erica, Cohen Joanna E, Cole Donald C, Forman Lisa
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 May;133:120-7. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.026. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), decent work is critical to economic and social progress and well-being. The ILO's Decent Work Agenda outlines four directions (creating jobs, guaranteeing rights at work, extending social protection, promoting social dialogue) (ILO, 2015). While the Agenda's existence may imply consensus about its meaning, we contend that several conceptualizations of decent work exist in the global policy arena. Different institutional perspectives must be negotiated, and political, economic, social and health considerations balanced in its pursuit. This paper reports findings from a critical discourse analysis of 10 policy texts that aimed to reveal different health, economic, and social claims about decent work and how these are shaped by the work policy agendas of the ILO, World Health Organization, and World Bank. Themes emerging from the discourse analysis include the: challenges and realities of promoting "one" agenda; complex intersection between decent work, health and health equity concepts; emphasis on economic and pro-market interests versus the social dimensions of work; and, relative emphasis on individual versus collective responsibility for decent work. To our knowledge, this is a first attempt to contrast different conceptualizations of decent work involving these institutions. Our findings suggest that decent work is a contested notion, and that more than one "agenda" is operating in the face of vested institutional interests. Broader discourses are contributing to a reframing of decent work in economic, social and/or health terms and these are impacting which dimensions of work are taken up in policy texts over others. Results show how the language of economics acts as a disciplinary and regulatory power and its role as a normalizing discourse. We call for research that deepens understanding of how a social, economic and health phenomenon like work is discursively re-interpreted through different global institutional interests.
根据国际劳工组织（ILO）的说法，体面工作对经济、社会进步以及福祉至关重要。国际劳工组织的体面工作议程概述了四个方向（创造就业机会、保障工作权利、扩大社会保护、促进社会对话）（国际劳工组织，2015年）。虽然该议程的存在可能意味着对其含义已达成共识，但我们认为，全球政策领域存在着几种关于体面工作的概念。必须协商不同的制度观点，并在追求体面工作的过程中平衡政治、经济、社会和健康等方面的考量。本文报告了对10份政策文本进行批判性话语分析的结果，旨在揭示关于体面工作的不同健康、经济和社会主张，以及这些主张如何受到国际劳工组织、世界卫生组织和世界银行的工作政策议程的影响。话语分析中出现的主题包括：推动“一个”议程的挑战与现实；体面工作、健康与健康公平概念之间的复杂交叉；对经济和亲市场利益与工作社会层面的强调；以及，对体面工作中个人责任与集体责任的相对强调。据我们所知，这是首次尝试对比涉及这些机构的体面工作的不同概念。我们的研究结果表明，体面工作是一个有争议的概念，面对既得的机构利益，不止一个“议程”在发挥作用。更广泛的话语正在促使体面工作在经济、社会和/或健康方面进行重新构建，这些话语正在影响政策文本中工作的哪些维度比其他维度更受关注。结果显示了经济学语言如何作为一种纪律和监管力量发挥作用，以及它作为一种规范化话语的角色。我们呼吁开展研究，以加深对诸如工作这样的社会、经济和健康现象如何通过不同的全球机构利益进行话语重新解释的理解。
