José-Domínguez Juan Manuel, Savini Tommaso, Asensio Norberto
Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Spain.
Conservation Ecology Program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
Am J Primatol. 2015 Aug;77(8):841-53. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22409. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Space-use patterns are crucial to understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of primates, but detailed ranging data are scarce for many species, especially those in Southeast Asia. Researchers studying site fidelity to either home ranges or core areas have focused mainly on territorial species, whereas less information is available for non-territorial species. We analyzed the ranging patterns and site fidelity of one wild troop of northern pigtailed macaques over 16 months at different temporal scales. We used characteristic hull polygons in combination with spatial statistics to estimate home ranges and core areas. The total home range and core areas were 449 ha and 190 ha, respectively. Average daily path length was 2,246 m. The macaques showed a high defendabili--ty index according to the expected ranging of a non-territorial species in which movement does not theoretically permit the defense of a large territory. Overall, the study troop ranged more extensively than conspecific groups and closely related species studied elsewhere. These differences may reflect variable troop size, degree of terrestriality and habitat characteristics, but could also reflect methodological differences. The location, size and shape of home ranges and core areas, and extent of daily path lengths changed on a monthly basis resulting in low site fidelity between months. The macaques also showed clear shifts in the location of daily home ranges with low site fidelity scores between consecutive days. Daily home range and daily path length were related to seasonality, with greater values during the fruit-abundant period. Low site fidelity associated with lack of territoriality is consistent with macaques structuring their movement based on available food sources. However, ranging patterns and site fidelity can also be explained by macaques feeding on the move, a foraging strategy that hinders frequent and long visits to the same location.
空间利用模式对于理解灵长类动物的生态、进化和保护至关重要，但许多物种，尤其是东南亚的物种，缺乏详细的活动范围数据。研究对家园范围或核心区域的地点忠诚度的研究人员主要关注具有领地意识的物种，而关于非领地物种的信息较少。我们分析了一群野生北豚尾猕猴在16个月内不同时间尺度下的活动范围模式和地点忠诚度。我们使用特征凸多边形结合空间统计方法来估计家园范围和核心区域。总家园范围和核心区域分别为449公顷和190公顷。平均每日路径长度为2246米。根据非领地物种的预期活动范围，猕猴表现出较高的防御能力指数，从理论上讲，其活动并不允许对大片领地进行防御。总体而言，研究群体的活动范围比其他地方研究的同种群体和密切相关物种更广泛。这些差异可能反映了群体规模、陆生程度和栖息地特征的变化，但也可能反映了方法上的差异。家园范围和核心区域的位置、大小和形状以及每日路径长度的范围每月都会发生变化，导致不同月份之间的地点忠诚度较低。猕猴在连续几天之间的每日家园范围位置也有明显变化，地点忠诚度得分较低。每日家园范围和每日路径长度与季节性有关，在果实丰富期数值更大。与缺乏领地意识相关的低地点忠诚度与猕猴根据可用食物来源构建其活动的情况一致。然而，活动范围模式和地点忠诚度也可以用猕猴边走边觅食来解释，这种觅食策略阻碍了它们频繁和长时间地访问同一地点。
