Trébouet Florian, Reichard Ulrich H, Pinkaew Nantasak, Malaivijitnond Suchinda
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, USA.
Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, USA.
Primates. 2018 Mar;59(2):185-196. doi: 10.1007/s10329-017-0638-3. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Extractive foraging in nonhuman primates may involve different levels of technical complexity in terms of the number of actions that must be performed and the manual dexterity involved. We describe the extractive foraging of caterpillars in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. The study group, observed from May to December 2016 (n = 146 days), comprised 60-70 habituated individuals, including 3-4 adult males, 20-23 adult females, and 36-47 immatures. Four adult males and five adult females, observed from September to November 2016 for a total of 24 days, were selected for focal animal sampling. Northern pig-tailed macaques were observed eating at least two families (Erebidae and Limacodidae) and three genera (Macrobrochis sp., Phlossa sp. and Scopelodes sp.) of caterpillars. While the monkeys ate short and small caterpillars with stinging setae and non-setae caterpillars without processing, they performed extensive caterpillar-rubbing behavior on large and long caterpillars with stinging setae. Based on 61 extractive foraging bouts, we found that caterpillar rubbing was hierarchically organized into five stages and 12 elements. Five stages of behavior sequence started with picking the caterpillar up, transporting it to a substrate, rubbing it to remove stinging setae, ingesting it, and then cleaning hands and mouth. Only adult macaques were observed using a leaf to rub stinging caterpillars.
非人灵长类动物的取食性觅食在必须执行的动作数量和所涉及的手部灵活性方面可能涉及不同程度的技术复杂性。我们描述了泰国考艾国家公园野生北方豚尾猕猴（Macaca leonina）对毛虫的取食性觅食行为。研究组于2016年5月至12月进行观察（n = 146天），由60 - 70只习惯化个体组成，包括3 - 4只成年雄性、20 - 23只成年雌性和36 - 47只未成年个体。从2016年9月至11月共观察24天，选取了4只成年雄性和5只成年雌性进行焦点动物取样。观察到北方豚尾猕猴至少食用了毛虫的两个科（灯蛾科和刺蛾科）和三个属（Macrobrochis属、Phlossa属和Scopelodes属）。猴子在食用短而小的带刺刚毛毛虫和不带刚毛的毛虫时无需处理，但在食用长而大的带刺刚毛毛虫时会进行大量的毛虫摩擦行为。基于61次取食性觅食行为，我们发现毛虫摩擦行为按层次分为五个阶段和12个要素。行为序列的五个阶段始于拿起毛虫、将其转移到一个基质上、摩擦以去除刺毛、吞食，然后清洁手部和口腔。仅观察到成年猕猴会用树叶摩擦带刺毛虫。
