Asakura Keiko, Haga Megumi, Adachi Miyuki, Sakai Haruko, Takahashi Chieko, Sasaki Satoshi
Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(6):387-96. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.60.387.
No study has documented Japanese children's food portion sizes. Since this information is essential to establish valid measurement tools and effective education methods for dietary intake, we measured them using one-day, semi-weighed diet records (DRs) for 489 Japanese children aged 3-6 y. Each food's frequency of appearance on the DRs was counted. If a child consumed a certain food more than once per day, an average weight for that food was calculated and used in the portion size calculation as that child's representative value. In total, 67 food items were consumed by twenty or more children. We calculated the mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum portion size values for these food items. In addition to these 67 items, Chinese noodles and water were included in the analysis. The most frequently consumed food was well-milled rice (mean portion size for rice=79 g), which was consumed by 350 children, followed by soy sauce (4 g), eggs (26 g), and carrots (9 g). Among the five most frequently consumed foods, portion sizes of rice and pork but not milk, eggs, or carrots significantly increased with age, height, and weight. In multivariate linear regression analysis, however, the significant relationships between rice portion size and age were not observed. Regarding pork, only the relationship with height was significant. A sex difference was detected in the rice and milk portion sizes. Most of portion sizes observed here were apparently smaller than those reported among United Kingdom children. This study provides important basic information for the implementation of quantitative nutritional research and educational efforts for Japanese preschool children.
尚无研究记录日本儿童的食物份量大小。由于这些信息对于建立有效的饮食摄入量测量工具和教育方法至关重要，我们使用489名3至6岁日本儿童的一日半称重饮食记录（DR）对其进行了测量。计算了每种食物在DR上出现的频率。如果一个孩子每天食用某种食物不止一次，则计算该食物的平均重量，并将其作为该孩子的代表值用于份量大小计算。总共有67种食物被20名或更多儿童食用。我们计算了这些食物的平均、标准差、中位数、最小值和最大份量大小值。除了这67种食物外，分析中还包括了中式面条和水。最常食用的食物是精白米（大米的平均份量大小 = 79克），有350名儿童食用，其次是酱油（4克）、鸡蛋（26克）和胡萝卜（9克）。在最常食用的五种食物中，大米和猪肉的份量大小随年龄、身高和体重显著增加，但牛奶、鸡蛋或胡萝卜并非如此。然而，在多元线性回归分析中，未观察到大米份量大小与年龄之间的显著关系。对于猪肉，仅与身高的关系显著。在大米和牛奶的份量大小上检测到了性别差异。这里观察到的大多数份量大小明显小于英国儿童报告的份量大小。本研究为开展针对日本学龄前儿童的定量营养研究和教育工作提供了重要的基础信息。
