Foster E, Adamson A J, Anderson A S, Barton K L, Wrieden W L
Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63 Suppl 1:S45-9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.64.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Assessing the dietary intake of young children is challenging. In any 1 day, children may have several carers responsible for providing them with their dietary requirements, and once children reach school age, traditional methods such as weighing all items consumed become impractical. As an alternative to weighed records, food portion size assessment tools are available to assist subjects in estimating the amounts of foods consumed. Existing food photographs designed for use with adults and based on adult portion sizes have been found to be inappropriate for use with children. This article presents a review and summary of a body of work carried out to improve the estimation of portion sizes consumed by children.
Feasibility work was undertaken to determine the accuracy and precision of three portion size assessment tools; food photographs, food models and a computer-based Interactive Portion Size Assessment System (IPSAS). These tools were based on portion sizes served to children during the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. As children often do not consume all of the food served to them, smaller portions were included in each tool for estimation of leftovers. The tools covered 22 foods, which children commonly consume. Children were served known amounts of each food and leftovers were recorded. They were then asked to estimate both the amount of food that they were served and the amount of any food leftover.
Children were found to estimate food portion size with an accuracy approaching that of adults using both the food photographs and IPSAS.
Further development is underway to increase the number of food photographs and to develop IPSAS to cover a much wider range of foods and to validate the use of these tools in a 'real life' setting.
背景/目的：评估幼儿的饮食摄入量具有挑战性。在任何一天，可能有多名照顾者负责满足幼儿的饮食需求，而且一旦儿童达到上学年龄，像称量所有摄入食物这样的传统方法就变得不切实际。作为称重记录的替代方法，可以使用食物份量评估工具来帮助受试者估算所摄入食物的量。已发现现有的针对成年人设计且基于成人份量大小的食物照片不适用于儿童。本文对为改进儿童所摄入食物份量的估算而开展的一系列工作进行了综述和总结。
开展了可行性研究，以确定三种份量大小评估工具的准确性和精确性；食物照片、食物模型和基于计算机的交互式份量大小评估系统（IPSAS）。这些工具基于全国饮食与营养调查中提供给儿童的食物份量。由于儿童通常不会吃完提供给他们的所有食物，每种工具中都包含了较小份量的食物以估算剩余食物量。这些工具涵盖了儿童常见食用的22种食物。给儿童提供已知量的每种食物，并记录剩余食物量。然后要求他们估算所提供食物的量以及剩余食物的量。
发现儿童使用食物照片和IPSAS估算食物份量大小的准确性接近成年人。
目前正在进一步开发，以增加食物照片的数量，并开发IPSAS以涵盖更广泛的食物种类，并在“现实生活”环境中验证这些工具的使用。
