Atanasova Nina S, Demina Tatiana A, Buivydas Andrius, Bamford Dennis H, Oksanen Hanna M
Department of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Viruses. 2015 Apr 10;7(4):1902-26. doi: 10.3390/v7041902.
Hypersaline environments around the world are dominated by archaea and their viruses. To date, very little is known about these viruses and their interaction with the host strains when compared to bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. We performed the first culture-dependent temporal screening of haloarchaeal viruses and their hosts in the saltern of Samut Sakhon, Thailand, during two subsequent years (2009, 2010). Altogether we obtained 36 haloarchaeal virus isolates and 36 archaeal strains, significantly increasing the number of known archaeal virus isolates. Interestingly, the morphological distribution of our temporal isolates (head-tailed, pleomorphic, and icosahedral membrane-containing viruses) was similar to the outcome of our previous spatial survey supporting the observations of a global resemblance of halophilic microorganisms and their viruses. Myoviruses represented the most abundant virus morphotype with strikingly broad host ranges. The other viral morphotypes (siphoviruses, as well as pleomorphic and icosahedral internal membrane-containing viruses) were more host-specific. We also identified a group of Halorubrum strains highly susceptible to numerous different viruses (up to 26). This high virus sensitivity, the abundance of broad host range viruses, and the maintenance of infectivity over a period of one year suggest constant interplay of halophilic microorganisms and their viruses within an extreme environment.
世界各地的高盐环境中主要是古菌及其病毒。与细菌和真核病毒相比，迄今为止，人们对这些病毒及其与宿主菌株的相互作用了解甚少。我们在随后的两年（2009年、2010年）对泰国巴蜀府盐场中的嗜盐古菌病毒及其宿主进行了首次基于培养的时间筛选。我们总共获得了36株嗜盐古菌病毒分离株和36株古菌菌株，显著增加了已知古菌病毒分离株的数量。有趣的是，我们此次随时间分离得到的病毒（有尾噬菌体、多形性病毒和含二十面体膜的病毒）的形态分布与我们之前的空间调查结果相似，这支持了嗜盐微生物及其病毒在全球范围内具有相似性的观点。肌尾噬菌体是最丰富的病毒形态类型，其宿主范围惊人地广泛。其他病毒形态类型（丝杆噬菌体以及多形性和含二十面体内膜的病毒）则更具宿主特异性。我们还鉴定出一组对多种不同病毒（多达26种）高度敏感的嗜盐红菌菌株。这种高病毒敏感性、广泛宿主范围病毒的丰富性以及一年时间内传染性的维持表明，嗜盐微生物及其病毒在极端环境中持续相互作用。
