Guterres Zaira Rosa, Zanetti Thalita Alves, Sennes-Lopes Tiago Felipe, da Silva Ana Francisca Gomes
Laboratory Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil .
J Med Food. 2015 Oct;18(10):1136-42. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0099. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Momordica charantia, popularly known as bitter melon, is a plant widely used in ethnobotanical medicine. It has antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, antiviral, and antimalarial activities, among others. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic activity of the aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts and fruit of this plant by means of the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test. Third-stage larvae that obtained standard (ST) cross and high bioactivation (HB) cross were treated with aqueous extracts of the aerial parts (IQA) and fruit (IQF) of M. charantia, following two protocols (genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity). The aqueous extracts are not genotoxic in lower concentrations. The frequencies of mutant spots observed in the descendants of the ST and HB crosses treated with doxorubicin (DXR) alone were 8.65 and 9.25, respectively, whereas in those cotreated with IQA and DXR, the frequencies ranged from 15.90 to 29 in the ST cross and from 15.05 to 24.78 in the HB cross. In cotreatment with IQF, the frequencies ranged from 30.10 to 30.65 in the ST cross and from 13.60 to 14.50 in the HB cross, whereas the frequencies obtained with DXR were 32.50 in the ST cross and 26.00 in the HB cross. In conclusion, the IQA has a synergistic effect, enhancing the genotoxicity of DXR in the ST cross and the HB cross, whereas the IQF has antigenotoxic effects in the HB cross.
苦瓜，俗称癞葡萄，是一种在民族植物医学中广泛使用的植物。它具有抗菌、抗真菌、驱虫、抗糖尿病、抗病毒和抗疟疾等多种活性。本研究的目的是通过黑腹果蝇翅斑试验评估从该植物地上部分和果实中获得的水提取物的遗传毒性和/或抗遗传毒性活性。按照两种方案（遗传毒性和抗遗传毒性），用苦瓜地上部分（IQA）和果实（IQF）的水提取物处理获得标准（ST）杂交和高生物活化（HB）杂交的第三龄幼虫。较低浓度的水提取物无遗传毒性。单独用阿霉素（DXR）处理的ST和HB杂交后代中观察到的突变斑频率分别为8.65和9.25，而在与IQA和DXR共同处理的后代中，ST杂交的频率范围为15.90至29，HB杂交的频率范围为15.05至24.78。与IQF共同处理时，ST杂交的频率范围为30.10至30.65，HB杂交的频率范围为13.60至14.50，而DXR处理获得的频率在ST杂交中为32.50，在HB杂交中为26.00。总之，IQA具有协同作用，增强了DXR在ST杂交和HB杂交中的遗传毒性，而IQF在HB杂交中具有抗遗传毒性作用。
