Benton Christopher B, Nazha Aziz, Pemmaraju Naveen, Garcia-Manero Guillermo
Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Leukemia Program, Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Aug;95(2):222-42. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) includes components of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms and is associated with a characteristic peripheral monocytosis. CMML is caused by the proliferation of an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell clone and may be influenced by microenvironmental changes. The disease is rare and has undergone revisions in its classification. We review the recent classification strategies as well as diagnostic criteria, focusing on CMML's genetic alterations and unique pathophysiology. We also discuss the latest molecular characterization of the disease, including how molecular factors affect current prognostic models. Finally, we focus on available treatment strategies, with a special emphasis on experimental and forthcoming therapies.
慢性粒单核细胞白血病（CMML）兼具骨髓增生异常综合征和骨髓增殖性肿瘤的成分，并伴有特征性的外周血单核细胞增多。CMML 由异常造血干细胞克隆增殖引起，可能受微环境变化影响。该疾病较为罕见，其分类已历经修订。我们回顾了近期的分类策略以及诊断标准，重点关注 CMML 的基因改变和独特的病理生理学。我们还讨论了该疾病的最新分子特征，包括分子因素如何影响当前的预后模型。最后，我们重点关注可用的治疗策略，特别强调实验性和即将出现的疗法。
