Irha Natalya, Reinik Janek, Jefimova Jekaterina, Koroljova Arina, Raado Lembi-Merike, Hain Tiina, Uibu Mai, Kuusik Rein
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(15):11877-89. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4459-x. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
The focus of the current study is to characterise the leaching behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil shale ashes (OSAs) of pulverised firing (PF) and circulating fluidised-bed (CFB) boilers from Estonian Thermal Power Plant (Estonia) as well as from mortars and concrete based on OSAs. The target substances were 16 PAHs from the EPA priority pollutant list. OSA samples and OSA-based mortars were tested for leaching, according to European standard EN 12457-2 (2002). European standard CEN/TC 15862(2012) for monolithic matter was used for OSA-based concrete. Water extracts were analysed by GC-MS for the concentration of PAHs. Naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene were detected. Still, the release of PAHs was below the threshold limit value for inert waste. The amount of the finest fraction (particle size <0.045 mm), the content of the Al-Si glass phase and the surface characteristics were the main factors, which could affect the accessibility of PAHs for leaching. The mobility of PAHs from OSA of CFB and PF boilers was 20.2 and 9.9%, respectively. Hardening of OSA-based materials did not lead to the immobilisation of soluble PAHs. Release of PAHs from the monolith samples did not exceed 0.5 μg/m(2). In terms of leaching of PAHs, OSA is safe to be used for construction purposes.
本研究的重点是表征爱沙尼亚热电厂（爱沙尼亚）粉煤燃烧（PF）和循环流化床（CFB）锅炉的油页岩灰（OSA）以及基于OSA的砂浆和混凝土中多环芳烃（PAH）的浸出行为。目标物质是美国环境保护局优先污染物清单中的16种多环芳烃。根据欧洲标准EN 12457-2（2002）对OSA样品和基于OSA的砂浆进行浸出测试。基于OSA的混凝土使用欧洲标准CEN/TC 15862（2012）对整体材料进行测试。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析水提取物中多环芳烃的浓度。检测到萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽和芘。不过，多环芳烃的释放低于惰性废物的阈值限值。最细颗粒部分（粒径<0.045 mm）的数量、铝硅玻璃相的含量和表面特性是可能影响多环芳烃浸出可及性的主要因素。来自CFB和PF锅炉的OSA中多环芳烃的迁移率分别为20.2%和9.9%。基于OSA的材料硬化不会导致可溶性多环芳烃的固定化。整体样品中多环芳烃的释放不超过0.5μg/m²。就多环芳烃的浸出而言，OSA用于建筑目的是安全的。
