面向消费者的种族混合基因检测以及对种族本质差异的看法。
Direct-to-Consumer Racial Admixture Tests and Beliefs About Essential Racial Differences.
作者信息
Phelan Jo C, Link Bruce G, Zelner Sarah, Yang Lawrence H
机构信息
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Soc Psychol Q. 2014 Sep 1;77(3):296-318. doi: 10.1177/0190272514529439.
Although at first relatively disinterested in race, modern genomic research has increasingly turned attention to racial variations. We examine a prominent example of this focus-direct-to-consumer racial admixture tests-and ask how information about the methods and results of these tests in news media may affect beliefs in racial differences. The reification hypothesis proposes that by emphasizing a genetic basis for race, thereby reifying race as a biological reality, the tests increase beliefs that whites and blacks are essentially different. The challenge hypothesis suggests that by describing differences between racial groups as continua rather than sharp demarcations, the results produced by admixture tests break down racial categories and reduce beliefs in racial differences. A nationally representative survey experiment (N = 526) provided clear support for the reification hypothesis. The results suggest that an unintended consequence of the genomic revolution may be to reinvigorate age-old beliefs in essential racial differences.
尽管现代基因组研究最初对种族相对不感兴趣，但它越来越关注种族差异。我们研究了这种关注的一个突出例子——直接面向消费者的种族混合测试——并探讨新闻媒体中有关这些测试方法和结果的信息如何影响对种族差异的看法。具体化假设提出，通过强调种族的遗传基础，从而将种族具体化为一种生物学现实，这些测试会增加人们认为白人和黑人本质上不同的信念。挑战假设表明，通过将种族群体之间的差异描述为连续体而非明显的界限，混合测试产生的结果会打破种族类别并减少对种族差异的信念。一项具有全国代表性的调查实验（N = 526）为具体化假设提供了明确支持。结果表明，基因组革命的一个意想不到的后果可能是重振对基本种族差异的古老信念。
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